Cataloged  • 


OLLECnOM 

DLxwE  LNiVERSiTY  UBRARY 


FURMAN^S 


■NHOW*HE^CDLTIYATED^HIS*LAND^ 

PRACTICAL  PODsTS  F0RFAE:MERS,  C0NDEX5ED  FROAI  HIS  PL'BLISHED 
IXTER"S^EWS,  LETTERS,  AND  SPEECHES,  A^'ITH  ADDITIONAL 
NOTES  FROM  PRIVATE  COJrVT:R5ATION5  &  PAPERS. 

?ik\\  TALK  FOR  FAI|:JERS,  THAT  WILL  AID%EM  TO 

Make  a  Bale  of  Cotton  per  Acre  on  Poor  Land, 


^COTTON*  OATS*  PEASN- 


^1  ■ 

'IP 


I 


SKETCH   OF  FURMAN'S    LIFE,   PRESS  NOTICES   OF  HIS  DEATH 

Edited  by  HUGH  H.  COLQUITT, 

PUBLISHED  AND  PRESENTED  BY 

OURllffAN  FARM  IMPROVEMENT  CO.  M 

ATLANTA,  GA.  yJi 


Jas.  P.  Harrison  »fc  Co.,  Printers,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


E.  W.  Marsh,  (of  Moore,  Marsh  &  Co.,)  Pres't.  W.  C,  Grasty,  Jr.,  Vice  President 

L.  J.  Hill,  Treas.,  (Pres't  Gate  City  Nat.  Bank,)  Prop.  N,  A.  Pratt,  Chem.  and  Mining Eng'r. 
Hugh  H.  Colquitt,  General  Manager.       J.  M.  Patton,  Secretary. 
Jos.  F.  Allison,  Superintendent. 

FURMAN 

FARM  IMPROVEMENT  GO. 

FERTi  li2;e;r  works, 


This  Company  control  the  sole  right  to  manufacture  and  sell 

Farish  Furnian's  Formula, 

The  great  Georgia  Farmer's  Chemical  Compost  for  Cotton,  as  improved  by  the  late  IFA.K-ISH 
C  iFXJRiMlA.lNr,  President  of  this  Company  at  the  time  of  his  death. 


None  Genuine  Unless  Branded 


BUFFALO  BONE  GUANO, 

'>T,  «  njRM:A.]V's  FORMixji^ A, "  a.3j:m:oj^i^tei>.   a  com' 

plete  Fertilizer  for  Cotton  and  Wheat. 

Or,  "FTJUMi^lVS  rOItnytXJI^^ "   IT  Oil 

 o  

None  genuine  unless  branded 

"FURMAN'S  FORMULA." 

 o  

Primus  Jones,  the  great  Southwestern  Georgia  farmer,  the  first-bale  man, 
says  "Furman's  Formula"  will  stop  rust  in  cotton — it  will  stand  drought  bet- 
ter than  any  fertilizer. 

Agents  for  Furmans  Seed,  Duncan  s  Mammoth  Prolific^  Zellner's 

Improved  Seed, 

For  information,  address 

FURMAN  FARM  IMPROVEMENT  CO., 

40  MARIETTA  STREET,  ATLANTA,  GA. 


PARISH  C.  FURMAN. 


A  high-souled  man  dwelt  close  to  Nature's  heart, 

And  bade  her  secrets  to  his  ken  unclose, 
Making  the  arid  hillsides  'neath  his  touch 

To  thrill  with  life  and  "blossom  like  the  rose 
"V^'hen  once  the  nigdard,  ill-tilled  fields 

Gave  grudging  answer  from  their  barren  plains, 
Flashing  with  strength  from  his  electric  will, 

They  fill  the  land  with  fruits  and  fleece  and  grains ! 

M.  R.  a 


PREFACE. 


Mr.  Furman's  system  of  fertilizing  is  based  on  the  idea  that  different  plants  reqmre 
each  a  fertilizer  suited  to  its  particular  wants,  just  as  different  animals  require  dif- 
ferent food.  He  believed  he  had  definitely  determined  and  perfected  a  fertilizer  for 
cotton.    He  was  experimenting  with  formulae  for  oats  and  corn. 

Mr.  Furman  followed  the  system  so  successfully  used  by  George  Yille,  the  great 
French  scientific  agriculturist.  In  France  the  experiments  were  made  on  wheat. 
Hear  what  Mr.  Furman  said :  I  had  been  very  much  impressed  with  the  idea  of 
the  French  agriculturist,  George  Ville,  as  illustrated  by  him  in  his  experiments  at 
Yincennes,  to-wit,  that  land  is  only  the  vehicle  for  making  any  crop.  In  pursuance 
of  this  idea,  in  order  to  give  its  correctness  a  thorough  test,  he  took  sand  and  burnt 
it,  so  as  to  destroy  all  foreign  matter ;  then  took:  water  and  distilled  it,  so  thai 
should  be  chemically  pure;  took  next  the  wheat  plant  and  subjected  it  to  careful 
analysis — root,  stem,  leaf  and  grain — thereby  ascertaining  its  constituent  elements  • 
then  he  took  his  sand,  scattered  it  on  a  plank  floor,  and  planted  wheat  in  it ;  took 
his  distilled  water,  and  dissolved  in  it  every  thing  that  his  analysis  showed  him  that 
his  wheat  required ;  watered  the  wheat  with  it  carefully  and  regalarly,  and  harvested 
from  it  at  the  rate  of  exceeding  forty  bushels  of  wheat  per  acre, 

**  This  seemed  to  my  mind  a  complete  demonstration  of  the  truth  of  his  theory  as 
to  grain.  Cotton  being  the  crop  of  our  section,  I  determined  to  make  an  experi- 
ment upon  the  same  line  on  cotton," 

Mr.  Furman  took  the  very  careful  and  elaborate  analysis  of  the  cotton  plant 
furnished  by  Prof.  H.  C.  "White,  chemist  for  the  State  of  Georgia,  and  made  an  ex- 
periment, extending  through  four  years,  and,  in  his  own  language,  the  result  is 
stated  as  follows:  "Near  home  upon  the  scrubby  pine  lands  of  Middle  Georgia,  I 
myself,  by  the  use  of  a  perfect  cotton  manure,  have  in  four  years  raised  the  produc- 
tion of  sixty  acres  of  land  from  eight  bales  of  cotton  to  seventy  bales  of  cotton  and 
five  hundred  bushels  of  oats,  and  the  increased  value  of  the  land  alone  will  more 
than  pay  for  every  dollar's  worth  of  manure  used  upon  it  during  the  period,  leaving 
the  crops— the  cost  of  working  which  under  the  intensive  system  was  very  small — 
almost  clear  profit,  proving  incontestably  that  the  results  from  scientific  agriculture 
in  the  Old  World  are  not  more  certain  and  satisfactory  than  with  us  on  this  side  of 
the  Atlantic,  for  correct  principles  are  universal  in  their  application  and  results." 

The  compost  heap,  with  the  addition  of  chemicals,  had  been  urged  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  of  the  State  of  Georgia  for  years,  and  Mr.  Furman's  farming 
perfected  past  formulae  and  gave  a  mighty  impetus  to  the  saving  of  home  materials, 
and  to  the  use  of  chem'cals.  He  claimed  no  originality  for  his  system  of  cultiva- 
tion, but  he  follov/ed  mainly  in  the  footsteps  of  another  distinguished  Georgia 
farmer,  Hon.  David  Dickson,  of  Hancock  county. 

This  little  book  aims  to  give  Mr.  Furman's  plan  of  farming  in  words  so  plain 
that  any  farmer  who  reads  it  can  do  as  Mr,  Furman  did.  I  have  freely  used  his 
speeches  delivered  before  the  Georgia  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  at  Auburn 
before  the  Alabama  Agricultural  College.  I  have  had  the  aid  of  his  family  in  pre- 
paring the  pamphlet.  I  have  taken  extracts  from  his  letters  to  the  Ho^ne  and  Farm 
and  from  interviews  with  him  published  in  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  Georgia  Truck, 
Farmer,  Selma  Times,  and  Troy  (Ala.)  Enquirer,  but  in  doing  so  I  have  followed  the 
method  he  had  marked  out  before  his  death  and  put  the  matter  into  shape  for  plain 
people.  He  did  his  work  well— honor  him  for  it.  He  was  great  enough  to  tell  the 
world  how  he  did  it— give  him  the  glory. 

Farmer,  read  the  book,  follow  his  plan  and  the  result  on  your  own  land  will 
prove  to  you  that  Farish  Furman  was  the  foremost  farmer  of  his  time,  and  your 
barns,  filled  with  golden  grain  and  your  fields  white  with  cotton,  will  testify  that 
though  he  be  dead  he  yet  lives. 

HUGH  H.  COLQUITT. 


FuRMAN's  Farming. 


FURMAN'S  COTTON  COMPOST. 


To  prepare  the  compost  I  select  a  piece 
of  ground  convenient  to  my  lots,  so  as  to 
avoid  unnecessary  hauling  of  my  heavy 
manure,  taking  care  that  it  is  not  in  a 
low  spot,  where  water  might  collect  and 
sepe  the  heap,  and  having  cleaned  it 
carefully,  scatter  my  stable  manure 
evenly  over  it,  never  allowing  it  to  be 
more  than  three  inches  thick,  when  the 
manure  is  well  scattered.  If  it  is  dry  I 
sprinkle  water  over  it,  and  this  is  some 
thing  that  must  by  no  means  he  omitted. 
Water,  and  a  plenty  of  it,  is  a  necessity 
in  a  properly  regulated  compost  heap, 
where  decomposition  and  chemical  re- 
actions are  valuable  and  essential.  Each 
layer,  both  manure  and  cotton  seed 
should  be  thoroughly  wetted  as  it  is  laid 
down,  as  otherwise  one  dry  layer  running 
through  your  heap  may  give  you  cotton 
seed  that  will  come  up  and  give  great' 
trouble,  especially  if  the  crop  is  planted 
with  selected  seed. 


THB  COMPOST  HEAP. 

The  compost  heap  shoald  not  be  built 
more  than  five  feet  high.  Keep  the  edges 
as  nearly  perpendicular  as  possible,  and 
finish  it  off  on  the  top  with  a  covering 
of  rich  top  dirt  from  three  to  six  inches 
thick.  The  heap  should  stand  after 
completion  at  least  six  weeks  before 
using  it,  and  if  it  could  be  so  arranged 
that  at  the  end  of  six  weeks  it  could  be 
cut  perpendicularly  down,  mixed  thor- 
oughly and  allowed  to  stand  a  month 
longer,  it  would  improve  the  compost. 
I  make  such  quanti  ies  of  it  that  I  have 
not  time  to  do  this,  but  as  a  rule,  the 
more  compost  is  mixed  ani  manipulated  the 
better  it  si. 


THE  FOSISULA  FOE  THE  COMPOST. 

Take  twenty-five  (25)  bushels  well  rot- 
ted stable  manure  or  well  rotted  organic 
matter,  as  leaves,  muck  or  rich  top 
earth ;  scatter  it  about  three  inches 
thick  upon  a  piece  of  ground  situated  so 
that  water  will  not  stand  on  it,  but  shed 
off  in  every  direction.    The  twenty-five 
(25)bushe  s  will  weigh  about  750  pounds; 
then  take  250  pounds  of  "Farish  Fur- 
man's  Formula,"  or  Chemicals  for  Com- 
post, and  scatter  evenly  on  the  surface. 
Take  next  twenty-five  (25)  bushels  of 
green  cotton  seed  and  distribute  evenly 
on  the  surface, and  wet  them  thoroughly; 
they  will  weigh  750  pounds.    Take  again 
250  pounds  * 'Farish  Furman's  Formula," 
or  Chemicals  for  Compost,  and  spread 
over  the  seed.     We  now  have  2,000 
pounds,  or  one  ton.     We  then  go  back  to 
the  stable  manure,  or  muck,  or  rich 
earth,  and  pile  up  in  this  way  as  high  as 
we  can  go — keeping  above  proportion — then 
cover  with  six  inches  of  rich  top  earth 
from  fence  corners,  and  leave  at  least 
six  weeks.    When  ready  to  haul  to  the 
field,   cut   with  a  spade  or  pick-ax, 
square  down,  and  mix  as  thoroughly  as 
possible.    Now  we  have  twenty-fl7e  (25) 
bushels  of  manure,  weighing  750  pounds, 
and  250  pounds  of  "Farish  Furman's 
Formula,"  or  Chemicals  for  Cojnpost, 
and  twent3^-five  bushels  of  cotton  seed, 
weighing  750  pounds;    then  pat  2-50 
pounds  more  of  "Farish  Furman's  For- 
mula," or  Chemicals  for  Compost,  and 
we  have  the  perfect  compost.    You  per- 
ceive the  weight  is  2,000  pounds,  value, 
at  cash  cost  : 

750  pounds  cotton  seed,  25  bushels, 
10  cents  per  bushel....  $  2  50 


4:  Furman  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


500  pounds  "Farish  Furman's  For- 
mula," or  Chemicals  for  Com- 
post, $26.00  per  ton..,  $  6  50 

750  pounds  manure,  or  muck,  or 
rotted  leaves  (nominal),  25  bush- 
els, say  allow  for  hauling   1  00 

Total  2,000  pounds,  or  one  ton  per- 
fect compost  $10  00 

One  (l)ton  of  the  chemicals  makes 
four  (4)  tons  compost.. 

This  mixture  makes  practically  a  per- 
fect manure  for  cotton  and  a  splendid 
application  for  corn.  Our  farmers  do 
not  appreciate  cotton  seed.  That  comes 
nearer  to  being  a  perfect  fertilizer  than 
any  one  thing  in  the  world,  and  yet 
over  100,000  bushels  were  sold  at  my 
depot  for  a  trifle  and  hauled  away. 

"  With  his  cotton  seed  and  stable  ma- 
nure saved  and  composted  with  decayed 


become  rich  if  he  wants  to,  and  double 
the  value  of  his  land  in  three  yeq,rs." 


Farish  Furman's  Formula,"  sold 
only  by  Furman's  Farm  Improve- 
ment Company. 


"HOW  MUan  GOMPOST  SIOtJLIl 
USED  TO^^HE  ACBET 

•'It  is  hard  to  use  too  much.  In  Prance 
the  average  is  20,000  pounds  to  the  acre. 
A  Georgia  farmer  will  hardly  average 
100  pounds  to  the  acre.  I  will  average 
10,000  pounds  next  year.  Nothing  pays 
so  well." 

Note.— 2,000  pounds  of  compost  is  recom- 
mended for  general  -ase.  Auy  farmer  can 
risk  this,  and  the  cost  is  not  greater  than  200 
pounds  of  commercial  fertilizers. 


Is  decomposed  vegetable  matter,  and 
very  valuable.  It  should  be  drained,  if 
too  wet,  and  compounded  with  land 
plaster  six  weeks  before  using.  It  is  as 
good  as  top  soil  for  compost.  It  should 
be  in  compost  six  weeks  before  using. 

"I  have  received  many  inquiries  as  to 
the  necessity  or  expediency  of  mixing 
the  compost  under  shelter.  A  mo- 
ment's reflection  will  convince  any  one 
that,  where  so  much  water  is  used  in 
the  manufacture  of  a  compost,  the  addi- 
tion of  all  that  may  fall  upon  tlie  heap 


as  rain,  for  a  space  of  "two  or  three 
months,  can  do  no  possible  harm.  I 
never  think  of  putting  any  shelter  over 
my  heaps.  On  the  contrary,  I  have  no- 
ticed that  those  that  were  built  just 
along  the  eaves  of  my  stable,  so  that  the 
heap  caught  and  retained  all  the  rain 
from  the  roof,  decomposed  more  thor- 
oughly and  satisfactorily  than  any  other 
No  one  need  be  uneasy  about  making 
such  a  compost  heap  as  I  have  described 
in  the  open  air.  As  decomposition  takes 
place,  there  are  in  the  heap  itself,  in  the 
chemicals  composing  every  alternate 
layer,  materials  that  will  fix  and  prevent 
the  escape  of  any  valuable  gas  that  may 
be  generated. 

Note.— The  compost  heap  can  be  made  in 
the  field  on  which  it  is  proposed  to  apply  it. 

I  have  changed  the  position  of  my 
cotton  rows  four  inches  to  the  right 
j  every  year,  so  that  the  compost  v/ould 
I  be  thrown  into  new  strips  every  year, 
j  In  this  way  I  have  fertilized  mji  whole 
j  field,  instead  of  enriching  the  same  rows 
I  year  after  year.  I  shall  hereafter  broad- 
j  cast  it. 

I      Note.— Mr,  Furman's  explanation  of  why 
;   he  should  in  future  broadcast  the  compos 
was  that  he  had  in  four  years  made  the  land 
rich  enough  to  warrant  the  change. 


PU^TIN&  OUT  THE  COMPOST. 

I  have  received  a  great  many  inqui- 
ries as  to  the  best  plan  for  putting  out 
compost,  I  have  found  that  for  appli- 
cation in  the  drill,  the  quickest  and  most 
satisfactory  way  was  to  get  negro  boys> 
furnish  them  with  half-bushel  baskets 
made  from  white  oak  splits,  make  them 
take  the  manure  directly  from  the  wag- 
on, keeping  it  just  ahead  of  them  all  the 
time,  and  scattering  it  evenly  in  the 
drill.  They  require  instruction  at  first, 
but  learn  very  readily,  and  six  boys, 
costing  for  labor,  thirty  cents  each  per 
day,  will  distribute  the  manure  in  drills 
as  rapidly  as  two  wagons,  hauling  a 
quarter  or  half  a  mile  from  the  heap  to 
the  field,  will  bring  the  material.  For 
b-oadcasting  I  find  nothing  equal  to  the 
"Kemp  Manure-Spreader."  It  also  has- 
a  drilling  attachment,  but  it  drills  only 
two  rows  at  a  time,  and  cannot  be  used 
whefe  the  rows  are  more  than  four  feet 
wide,  and  for  drill  application  I  prefer 
the  boys,  as  above  stated. 


I'urman  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


5 


HUMUS. 

In  order  to  compost  suitably  for  a 
proper  system  of  intsnsive  farming,,  you 
must  have  humus,  and  this  can  only  be 
obtained  from  a  proper  mixture  of  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  matter.    Just  think, 
gentlemen,  of  the  millions  of  dollars  that 
are  annually  lost  to  the  farmers  through- 
out the  South,  as  the  result  of  laziness 
and  carelessness  in  a  failure  to  pen  our 
cattle  at  night.    Give  me  a  good  pile  of 
lot  manure  and  cotton  seed  and  the 
chemicals  as  I  may  need  them,  and  I  will 
guarantee  to  make  a  manure  that  will  ! 
pay  anywhere  from  one  to  five  hundred  j 
per  cent,  on  its  cost  in  increased  produc-  I 
tion  of  crops  alone,  leaving  out  of  view  i 
the  immense  and  permanent  increase  in  , 
the  value  of  the  lands  upon  which  it  has  j 
been  applied,  j 

I  have  received  many  inquiries  as  to 
how  it  is  possible  to  manufacture  so  i 
much  stable  manure  as  my  formula  re-  ! 
quires  on  a  small  farm.    This  is  an  in-  | 
quiry  the  force  of  which  I  appreciate,  ! 
for  in  the  boiation  of  the  question,  how  j 
to  ma'ke  on  (ibunda'-i!  fuppin  of  stalle,  barn- 
yard  and  hor/ie-niLi'i':  manure,  is  to  be  ; 
found  the  key  to  the  future  prosperity  j 
of  Southern  agriculture.    "With  our  hot  { 
climate,  biuming  sun,    and   parching  i 
winds,  continuing  uninterruptedly  for  j 
six  months  or  more,  we  have  adopted,  ! 
from  necessity,  a  shallow  surface  system  j 
of  culture,  and  the  result  has  been  that  | 
within  the  last  twenty-five  years  the  i 
cultivated  lands  of  the  South  have  been  I 
largely  drained  of  that  supply  of  decom- 
230sed  organic  or  vegetable  matter  known 
as  humus,  which,  while  it  has  no  chem- 
ical value,  or  very  little,  is  yet  absolute- 
ly essential  in  order  for  remunerative 
returns  from  any  soil. 

There  are  only  two  ways  in  which  this 
wasted  material  can  be  restored — by  the 
use  of  a  properly  regulated  compost,  or 
by  natural  process,  allowing  the  land  to 
lie  out  and  become  covered  with  grass 
and  reeds,  which  is,  at  best,  a  very  slow, 
■uncertain  and  unsatisfactory  proceed- 
ing ;  or  butter,  to  plant  in  small  grain 
and  follow  the  grain  with,  a  croi?  of 
peas,  manuring  the  peas  with  a  chem- 
ical manure  and  allowing  them  to  die  on 
the  surface,  to  be  turned  under  in  Janu- 
ary, but  never  turned  under  green  in 
our  climate. 


Eestoring  the  humus  to  the  soi 
through  the  growth  of  the  oat  followed 
by  the  pea,  is  a  plan,  that  as  a  natural 
one,  is  unsurpassed. 

Now,  to  secure  an  almost  unlimited 
supply  of  the  valuable  and  essential  ma- 
terial, all  that  any  farmer  who  has 
within  his  reach  the  pine-strau:  of  the 
South  has  to  do,  is  to  keep  his  stable, 
barn-yard,  cow-lot  and  hog-pens  always 
thoroughly  littered  with  the  straw, 
moving  it  out  in  heaps  as  soon  as  it  be- 
comes saturated  with  animal  manure, 
and  re-littering  at  once,  say  once  a 
month. 

Be  sure  to  keep  all  your  cattle  up  at 
night.  I  am  satisned  that  a  well-fed 
cow  will  make  from  her  droppings  at 
night  alone  $2o  worth  of  manure  in  the 
course  of  a  year.  Don't  be  satisfied, 
though,  with  what  you  can  get  from 
your  lots  and  stables :  remember  that 
humus  is  decayed  organic  matter,  and 
that  leaves  and  muck  are  a  tine  form  of 
it.  Gather  all  the  decaying  vegetable 
matter  from  the  ditches  and  fence  cor- 
ners on  your  place,  and  add  them  to 
your  piles  that  are  accumulating  ready 
for  your  winter  composting.  Go  into 
the  ponds  and  branches  in  your  vicinity 
and  gather  the  mud  or  muck,  haul  it 
up.  mix  it  with  a  little  land  plaster,  let 
it  dry  and  add  it  to  your  heap.  In 
short,  turn  your  attention  to  accumula- 
ting humus;  make  up  your  mind  that 
you  udll  have  it ;  gather  it  together  day 
after  day,  and  week  after  week,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  year  you  will  find  your- 
self wondering  where  it  all  came  from. 

The  true  plan  is  to  save  all  the  lot  and 
stable  manure  under  shelter  that  you 
can.  Rake  out  your  fence  corners  and 
ditches,  and  gather  all  the  muck  and 
humus  or  decayed  vegetable  matter  that 
is  rotting  uselessly  around  your  prem- 
ises, and  then  compost  them  with  chem- 
icals in  quantities  and  proportions  to 
suit  the  requirements  of  the  crop  you 
expect  to  grow.  And  above  all  else,  save 
your  cotton  seed  for  composting. 

Cotton  seed  comes  nearer  being,  with- 
in inself,  a  perfect  fertilizer  than  any 
other  one  thing  known  to  the  farmer  the 
world  over.   

Buy  "Furman's  Formula,''  the  perfect 
chemicals  to  mix  with  your  cotton  seed 
— prepared  only  by  'Turman  Farm 
Improvement  Company." 


6  Furman  Farm  Improvement  Company, 


HOW  MUCH  COMPOST  TO  USE. 

Make  up  your  compost,  and  don't  be 
afraid  to  use  it.  I  applied  this  year  five 
thousand  pounds  to  the  acre.  George 
Ville,  the  celebrated  European  authori- 
ty, says  that  in  France  and  Germany 
twenty  thousand  pounds  to  the  acre  is 
the  rule  for  the  application  of  compost. 
In  Ohio  we  are  told  that  the  compost 
raised  on  a  farm  of  fifty-five  acres  from 
ten  head  of  horses  and  thirty  head  of 
cattle,  in  the  space  of  cne  year,  was  val- 
ued by  the  State  chemist,  after  careful 
analysis,  at  twenty-six  hundred  and 
sixty  dollars,  and  this  was  applied  broad 
cast  at  the  rate  c/f  forty  th  ousand  pounds 
to  the  acre,  with  the  result  of  a  clear 
profit  of  three  hundred  dollars  per  acre. 
This  compost  was  made  with  muck  and 
lot  manure  without  the  addition  of  any 
chemicals.  With  proper  chemicals  the 
result  would  have  been  much  greater. 

In  the  case  of  the  growth  of  the  cotton 
crop,  the  presence  of  humus  disseminat- 
ed generally  through  the  land  is  of 
course  of  great  value,  but  cotton  is  a  tap- 
root plant,  and  in  order  to  the  success- 
ful and  remunerative  cultivation  of  all 
tap-root  plants,  we  must  manure  in  the 
drill,  and  my  experience  has  taught  me 
that  to  manure  cotton  heavily  in  the 
drill  with  chemical  manure  alone  is 
dangerous,  but  if  those  chemicals  are 
mixed  thoroughly  with  decomposed  hu- 
mus in  the  presence  of  chloride  of  sodi 
um  that  the  danger,  which  is  that  of 
firing  at  time  of  drought,  is  reduced  to  a 
minimum.  In  fact,  my  experience  with 
my  compost,  applied  immediately  in  the 
drill  under  the  c9tton,  at  the  rate,  for 
the  purpose  of  experiment,  of  five  tons 
to  the  acre,  has  satisfied  me  that  instead 
of  teadiog  to  "burn  the  cotton  up"  it 


GOTTOM  IN 

PREPARATION  -  FERTILISING 
FLANTING-CULTITATION. 

While  the  compost  heap  was  in  course 
of  construction  during  the  second  year 
of  my  experiment — the  first  year  being 
an  experimental  test,  without  manure, 
to  determine  the  productiveness  of  the 
land — my  plows  were  at  work  preparing 
the  land  for  the  reception  of  the  com- 
post.   The  plows  used  for  the  purpose 


absolutely  kept  it  green  and  flourishin 
when  unmanured  crops  and  those  ma- 
nured with  chemicals  alone  were  parch- 
ed and  yellow. 

"Parish  Purmans  Formula,"  made 
by  Furman  Farm  Improvement 
Company,  is  Mr.  Furman's  last  and 
best  opinion  as  to  the  best  chemi- 
cals to  use. 


FROM  PRIKUSW.  JONBS,  FOR  YEARS 
THE  FIRST  BALE  MAN  OF 
GEOR&IA. 

Newtojt,  Baker  County,  Ga., 
October  9th,  1883. 

Gentlemen — As  a  practical  farmer,  I 
have  tried  many  of  the  leading  fertil- 
izers, and  I  have  no  hesitancy  in  saying 
that  "Furman's  Formula"  "is  the  best 
fertilizer  I  have  ever  used. 

It  is  undoubtedly  a  preventative  to 
rust  in  cotton.  I  think  Mr.  Furman's 
entire  system  most  excellent,  and  I  con- 
sider his  death  almost  an  irreparable 
loss  to  the  farming  interests  of  the  State. 

My  experience  satisfies  me  fully  that 
''Furman's  Formula"  and  Furman's 
method  of  farming  are  the  things  for  the 
lands  of  this  State. 

In  s6me  details  I  vary  from  him,  but 
in  the  general  plan  I  agree  with  him. 
Yours  truly, 

(Signed)  Primus  W.  Jones. 


GoLDsviLLE,  Laurens  Co.,  S.  C. 
Ifr.  H.  H.  Colquitt,  Atlanta,  Ga. : 

Dear  Sir— The  "Buffalo  Bone  Guano," 
or  Furman's  Formula,  ammoniated,  T 
tried  side  by  side  with  six  other  brands 
of  fertilizers  on  cotton,  I  consider  it. 
twenty-five  per  cent,  a  head  of  any  of 
the  others  from  the  time  the  cotton 
started  to  grow  until  it  was  gathered, 
and  the  yield  was  twenty-five  per  cent, 
greater.  The  "Furman  Formula"  for 
the  compost  is  splendid.  I  want  more 
this  year,  but  can't  tell  how  much  until 
after  Christrr.as. 

Yours  truly,         J.  S.  Blalock. 

Mr.  Blalock  is  the  best  farmer  in  Lau- 
rens county,  South  CaroliRdi 


THE  DRILL. 

were  upon  the  pattern  of  the  ordinary 
seven-inch  turn  shovel,  made,  however, 
so  as  to  be  longer  than  the  ordinary 
shovel,  to  give  the  plow  penetrating 
power.  These  were  attached  to  the 
Haiman  stock,  an  iron  foot-stock  man- 
ufactured in  Atlanta,  combining 
strength,  adaptability  and  lightness. 
With  these  the  ground  was  thoroughly 
broken  as  follows :    First ,  a  ten-inch 


Fforman  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


T 


shovel  furrow  was  rnn  in  at  intervals  of 
three  and  a  half  feet,  and  the  turn-plow 
furrow  thrown  upon  this  shovel  furrow 
from  each  side  until  the  ground  was 
thoroughly  broken  with  a  water-furrow 
in  each  middle,  throwing  the  ground  up 
into  broad  beds  three  and  a  half  feet 
•wide.  This  was  allowed  to  stand  until 
just  before  planting  time,  when  the 
water-furrow  was  opened  with  a  ten- 
inch  ordinar}^  shovel,  the  compost 
placed  in  the  hill  and  immediately  listed 
■upon,  that  is  to  say,  covered  with  a  fur- 
row from  each  side,  thrown  upon  it 
with  a  turn-shovel.  This  was  allowed 
to  stand  until  ready  to  plant ;  then  two 
more  furrows  with  the  turn-shovel  were 
thrown  upon  this  list,  one  from  each 
side,  and  the  cotton  planted  at  once  in 
the  fresh  dirt,  and  immediately  over 
the  center  of  the  list  made  by  the  four 
furrows,  with  a  Dow-Law  cotton  planter, 
using  two  bushels  of  seed  per  acre. 
The  time  of  planting  was  from  the  1st 
to  the  12th  of  May.  It  will  be  perceived 
that  my  planting  was  a  late  one,  as  it 
always  is,  and  as  I  regard  this  as  an  im- 
portant point  in  cotton  culture,  I  will 
give  my  reasons  for  it  later. 

As  soon  as  convenient,  after  the  cot- 
ton was  planted,  the  bed  was  completed 
by  breaking  out  the  middle  with  a 
straight  shovel,  leaving  the  cotton  on  a 
broad,  flat  bed,  with  a  water-furrow  in 
the  middle.  When  the  cotton  came  up 
and  the  third  leaf  began  to  show,  a 
small  sweep,  sixteen  inches  wide,  was 
run  close  up  to  it  on  each  side,  and  it 
was  chopped  out  two  stalks  to  the  hill, 
a  hoe's  width,  or  eight  inches  apart. 
After  standing  this  way  for  several  days, 
a  larger  sweep  (twenty  inches)  was  ran 
round  with  one  wing  slightly  turned  so 
as  to  throw  a  little  dirt  to  the  cotton, 
and  the  hoes  came  round  again,  cutting 
out  every  other  hill  and  putting  the 
crop  to  a  stand,  or  one  stalk  to  the_  hiil, 
sixteen  inches  apart. 

From  this  time  nothing  was  used  ex- 
cept the  sweep,  running  over  the  crop 
as  often  as  any  tendency  to  form  a  crust 
on  top  showed  itself,  and  plowing  as 
shallow  as  possible.  Just  before  laying 
by,  the  hoes  were  sent  over  once  more 
to  destroy  any  bunches'  of  grass  that 
might  thicken  a  crop  of  seed  to  give 
trouble  to  next  season's  farming. 


The  yield  from  the  crop,  manured  and 

cultivated  as  stated,  was  twelve  bales  of 

cotton,  averaging  four  hundred  and 

seventy  pounds. 

Note.— Mr.  Furman's  first  year  mth  fertili- 
zers. 

Remember  that  Furman's  chem- 
icals can  only  be  had  properly  pre- 
j  pared  by  Furman  Farm  Improve- 
ment Company. 

CHOP  OF  THIS  YEAH. 

The  experiment  made  this  year  by  Mr. 
Furman  as  set  forth  in  the  following 
pages,  was  one  that  required  nerve  and 
skill.    The  cotton  did  not  come  up  for 
over  two  weeks  after  planting,  and  had 
very  little  rain  from  the  beginning.  It 
stood  the  July  drought  splendidly,  and 
when  I  saw  it  in  August  it  v/asthe  finest 
six  acres  of  cotton  I  ever  saw.  It  was  the 
universal  opinion  of  good  judges  that  the 
yield  would  be  at  least  eighteen  (IS)  bales. 
Tiie  drought  continued  through  August. 
The  caterpillars  also  visited  it.  Only  the 
b  ittom  crop  matured,  and  yet  the  yield 
was  one  bale  to  the  acre.    The  yield  on 
the  65  acres  was  about  one  bale  to  the 
acre,  the  cotton  in  the  drill  producing 
about  the  same,  though  it  had  only  4,000 
pounds  compost  to  the  acre.    The  cotton 
in  the  drill  was  planted  earlier  than  the 
cotton  in  the  check.    Mr.  Furman  was 
absent  from  home  much  of  the  time  and 
he  thought  the  cotton  in  the  drill  was 
very  much  injured  by  the  cultivation. 
There  can  be  no  question  that  with  or- 
dinary seasons  he  would  have  made  one 
hundred  bales  of  cotton  on  the  65  acres. 
I  am  fortified  in  this  view  by  the  opin- 
ions of  many  good  farmers  who  saw  the 
crop  at  various  stages  of  its  growth. 
Mr.  John  Cobb,  of  Americus,   Ga.,  a 
model  farmer  and  a  man  of  sound  j  udg- 
ment,  said  in  my  presence,  during  the 
session  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society, 
that  he  thought  the  crop  was  good  for 
100  bales  or  more.    Mr.  Cobb  had  just 
seen  the  crop. 

Captain  T,  F.  Newell,  of  Milledge- 
ville,  a  large  and  successful  planter,  said 
he  never  saw  six  acres  of  such  cotton; 
that  it  was  the  perfecLion  of  the  cotton 
plant.  Duncan's  Mammoth  Prolificseed 
were  used  on  the  six  acres.  He  com- 
menced planting  on  the  23d  of  April  and 
finished  planting  about  the  middle  of 


8 


Fur  man  Farm  Improvement  Company, 


May.  The  cotton  in  the  check  was 
planted  last.  The  following  is  an  ex- 
tract from  a  letter  from  him  dated  April 
21st: 

SCOTTSBORO,  Ga. 

H.H.  Chlquitt,  Esq.,  Atlanta,  Ga.: 

Dear  Hugh: — Your  letter  has  just 
reached  me.  I  never  go  to  town  now, 
and  only  get  the  mail  about  once  a  week. 
I  have  been  absent  so  much  more  than 
usual  that  my  crop  has  gotten  behind, 
and  I  am  compelled  to  give  it  the  closest 
attention  to  catch  up.  I  will  begin 
planting  Monday,  23d,  and  will  get 
through  probably  in  two  weeks.  Until 
I  finish  planting  I  cannot  leave. 
Yours  truly, 

F.  C.  FURMAN. 


COTTON  IN  SHE  CHECK. 

Some  confusion  has  arisen  from  the 
the  interview  with  Mr.  H.  W.  Grady, 
published  in  the  Atlanta  Co  -stitution^ 
that  Mr.  Furman  never  hoed  his  cotton, 
as  it  will  be  seen  from  the  above  extract 
from  ''Home  and  FarirC^  letter  that  he  did 
hoe  his  cotton  when  planted  in  the  drills 
but  in  his  ideal  method  oi  planting  cotton^ 
which  was  in  the  cheeky  one  stalk  four 
feet  apart  each  way,  he  did  not  use  the 
hoe. 

In  breaking  your  land  do  not  use  a 
plow  that  will  turn  the  soil  over,  but  turn 
it  on  edge. 


COTTON  IN  THE  CHECK. 

ONE  ETALK  FOUR  FEET  EACH  WAY. 

No  Hoe  Used— The  Ideal  System. 


This  system  will  not  do  on  poor  land 
and  Mr.  Furman  did  not  advise  it  ex- 
cept on  good  land  or  on  land  brought 
up  as  his  was,  after  four  years  fertilizing 
and  cultivation. — Ed. 

Cotton  is  a  sun-plant  and  needs  room 
ioi  its  roots;  when  cramped  to  12  or  15 
inches  it  cannot  attain  its  perfect  growth. 

My  aim  is  to  put  the  plants  in  four- 
foot  squares  and  average  75  to  150  bolls 
to  the  plant.  This  will  give  me  a  pound 
of  seed  cotton  to  the  plant,  or  3  bales  to 
the  acre. 


HOW  THIS  IS  DONE. 

The  land  (6)  sis  acres  was  first  broken 
with  a  two-horse  Syracuse  plow-the  land 
so  broken  as  to  turn  it  on  edge,  not  turn 
it  over  from  the  bottom — then  broad- 
tast  with  six  thousand  (6,000)  pounds 
of  compost,  and  this  turned  in  with  a  big 
vQrn  shovel,  then  harrowed  with  a 
Thomas  smoothing  harrow,  then  laid  off 
4x4  with  an  8-inch  straight  shovel  and 
drilled  one  way  with  "Buffalo  Lone 
Guano"  or  "  Furman' s  Formula,  am- 
— -Cniated,"  j,5C^  ]  ounds  to  the  acre. 
Listc'i  r■^  that,  that  is  covered 
'^n  ^  rrow  on  each  side  with  a 
jOQoiQi'  )low,  en  checked  off  by 
runnin^,  n  straight  ::hovel  across  the  f  ur- 
rowti,  icur  feet  between  the  furrows,  ;ust 
marking  the  ^  lac  :  -"o  >lan-^  the  seed  at 
the  Intersection  of  the  furrows  four  feet 
apart  each  v>ay.    List  then  opened  by 


driving  or  "  socking  in  "  a  two-inch  bull 
tongue  as  deep  as  it  could  go,  so  as  to 
thoroughlj^  mix  the  soil  and  the  fertil- 
izer, and  at  the  same  time  forming  a  fine 
bed  for  the  rootlets.  The  seed  ten  to 
fifteen  (10  to  15)  to  the  check,  then  drop- 
ped where  the  furrows  meet,  and  lightly 
covered  by  raking  a  little  earth  on  with 
the  hoe  and  pressed  on  with  the  foot  or 
flat  side  of  the  hoe.  Soon  after  planting 
run  a  12-inch  straight  shovel  through  the 
middle  loth  ways.  As  soon  as  the  cotton 
gets  up  enough  to  show  the  best  stalks 
thin  to  one  or  two  stalks  to  the  check 
hy  hand.  When  the  cotton  gets  up  pretty 
well,  and  the  grass  begins  to  come,  use  a 
20  to  22-inch  Dickson  sweep.  About  the 
usual  time  for  plowing  run  an  8-inch 
straight  shovel  at  right  angles  across  the 
furrows  made  by  the  sweep,  then  apply 
250  pounds  "Buffalo  Bone  Guano"  or 
"  Furman's  Formula,  ammoniated," 
dropped  on  both  sides  of  the  plants  in 
this  furrow,  th*»n  follow  this  at  once  with 
two  f  I! .  -  i  between  the  rows  where  th: 
fertilizer  is  applied  with  20  or  22-inch 
Dickson  sweep,  splitting  the  middles  Ik3- 
twee:.  the  i arrows  and  covering  the  fer- 
tili:.-  r.  ^^  hen  Wo.  c  .tton  gets  about  knee- 
hiz}x  us  -  1  xBch  sweep, running  at  right 
an-l-s  with  I '  plowing,  put  in  this  row 
250  T-oun  •  Buffalo  Bone  Guano,  '  or 
' 'Furman  ~  I-  or:-- nl- ,  ammoniated, ' ' 
with  cotton  seed  meal  on  both  sides  of  the 
plant;  follow  this  at  once  with  a20-iuch 


Fur  man  Farm  Imp  lovcment  Compaiiy. 


9 


sweep,  covering  the  fertilizer.  Tiie  cul- 
tivation following  is  done  a  20-inch 
sweep.  Plant  from  10th  to  2 Jth  of  May, 
avoids  July  drought,  cotton  grows  so 
rapidly  it  soon  shades  the  ground  and 
keeps  down  the  grass. 

WHY  HE  PLANTED  LATE. 

It  will  be  perceived  that  my  planting 
"was  a  late  one,  as  it  always  is  ;  and,  as  I 
regard  this  as  an  important  point  in 
cotton  culture,  I  will  give  my  reasons 
for  it  now. 

Cotton  is  a  peculiar  plant.  If  it  ever 
stops  growing  from  am--  cause,  from 
drought  or  "tlie^wise,  it  will  never  take 
on  any  in>jre  fruit  un  the  old  stalk,  but 
puts  out  new  twigs,  upon  which  its  new 
fruit  must  grow. 

One  of  the  peculiarities  of  our  South- 
ern climate  is  that  almost  evjry  year 
we  have  a  drought  of  greater  or  less  du- 
ration in  July,  frequently  accompanied 
by  intense  heat  and  parching  winds. 
Cotton  planted  early,  say  from  the  5th 
to  the  20th  of  April,  has  progressed  in 
growth  and  fruitage  by  July  to  a  point 
where  the  bottom  crop,  or  bolls  on  the 
lower  limbs,  have  begun  to  mature,  and 
therefore  have  gotten  so  large  that  the 
plant  cannot  cast  them  off,  but  must 
retain  and  mature  them.  Just  at  this 
time  the  drought  comes  on,  the  ground 
parches  up,  the  plant  begins  to  suffer 
and  shed  its  fruit,  for  instinct  teaches  it 
that  it  is  fatal  to  its  prospects  for  a  full 
yield  to  stop  growing,  and  it  will  cast 
off  all  its  fruit  to  avoid  this  danger. 
First  it  sheds  its  upper  or  youngest 
fruit,  then  the  middle  crop  goes ;  but, 
with  a  continuance  of  the  drought,  when 
it  undertakes  next  to  rid  itself  of  the 
bottom  crop,  it  finds  it  is  too  far  ad- 
vanced, and  in  despair  the  plant  stops 
growing,  and  throws  all  its  remaining 
vitality  into  a  supreme  effort  to  mature 
the  bottom  bolls.  Then  the  drought  is 
broken,  the  August  rains  begin,  the 
plant  begins  to  grow  once  more,  puts 
out  new  shoots,  which  in  time  become 
loaded  with  fruit,  only  to  encourage 
the  farmer's  hopes  of  a  good  crop,  to  be 
certainly  blighted  by  a  frost  that  never 
allows  it  to  reach  its  full  maturity,  and 
the  farmer  exclaims,  "Oh,  if  1  had  only 
been  able  to  plant  a  week  earlier  I 
should  have  made  a  splendid  crop," 
when  the  truth     that  if  he  had  planted 


j  two  weeks  later  he  could  have  largely 
i   avoided  the  injurious  effects  of  the 
!   drought.  Cotton  planted  in  May  is  never 
I   sufficiently  advanced         be  injurea 
j   i^ermanently  by  a  July  drought.  I 
growth  is  retarded,  but  not  stopped.  It 
throws  off  all  its  superfluous  fruit,  but* 
continues  to  grow  slowly,  and  when  the 
August  rains  come  it  quickly  becomes 
covered  with  fruit  and  rewards  the  labor 
!   of  the  husbandman  with  three  full 
I   crops — bottom,  middle  and  top. 
I      In  this  State  (Georgia)  there  is  no  re- 
I  port  of  an  extraordinary  production  of 
;   cotton  on  any  crop  planted  earlier  than 
j  May.    Mr.   Warthen,    of  AVashington 
j   county,  a  county  adjoining  the  one 
i  from  which  I  write,  who  kas  made  the 
j   largest   production  from  one  acre  of 
1   cotton  ever  reported,  to-wit,  fi-ve  bales, 
I  planted  his  acre  on  May  13th,  and  I  am 
i   satistied  that  early  planting  will  never 
give  a  full  crop  of  cotton. 


HOEINa-EEASON  FOB  NOT  HOEINa 
COTTON. 

"I  never  touch  it  with  a  hoe.  The 
growth  of  cotton  comes  from  thespread- 
iug  filaments  that  reach  out  from  the 
root  and  feed  it.  If  these  are  destroyed 
the  growth  stoi)S  till  they  are  restored.  I 
am  satisfied  three  hoeings  lost  me 
eighteen  days  of  growth,  or  six  days 
each.  I  run  a  shallow  plow  along  the 
cotton  row*,  and  never  go  deep  enough 
to  cut  the  roots.  But  these  are  mere  ffe- 
iaVs  in  which  men  may  differ.  The  mala 
thing  is  the  intensive  system  of  manur- 
ing, and  the  husbanding  all  the  drop* 
pings  and  wastage  of  the  farm  for  com- 
post. I  can  take  any  one  hundred  acres 
of  land  in  Georgia  and,at  a  nominal  cost^ 
can  bring  its  production  from  a  sixth  of 
a  bale  to  three  bales  per  acre,  in  five 
years.    Any  mak  can  do  it." 


ARE  YOU  ENLAESING  YOUR  WORS  f 

Yes;  but  slowly.  The  difficulty  with  us 
all  is  that  we  try  to  farm  too  much  land. 
I  am  good  for  $3,000  with  two  mules 
and  sixty-five  acres.  Next  year  I'll 
beat  this.  In  the  meantime,  I  am  "bring- 
ing up"  twenty-five  new  acres;  I  never 
want  over  one  hundred  acres.  These  1 
will  cultivate  with  three  mules,  and  I'll 
make  two  hundred  and  fifty  bales  of  cot- 
ton on  them,  besides  all  the  corn  and 
oats  I  need. 


10  Furman  I'arm  Improvement  Company. 


flATS. 


tJse  a  good  sulky  tarn  plow — one  tliat 
ean  be  set  accurately  and  relied  upon  to 
turn  the  land  a  given  depth,  whether  it 
fee  soft  or  hard.  Harrow  your  land.  Plant 
oats  after  the  first  frost  or  freeze.  Broad- 
cast four  bushels  of  oats  and  (50)  fifty 
bushels  of  green  cotton  seed  (or  half  this 
quantity  of  cotton  seed  and  200  pounds 
to  500  pounds  of  "Golden  Grain  Gu- 
ano") or  "Furman's  Formula  for  Oats," 
at  the  same  time  plow  in  together.  The 
oats  will  come  up  and  then  "stool,"  cov- 
ering the  whole  face  of  the  land.  When 
the  time  for  the  oata  to  head  arrives  they 
will  be  ready,  and  you  will  not  have  to 
turn  in  your  stock  and  your  neighbors' 
stock,  to  graze  them  down  to  prevent 
them  from  maturing  too  soon.    The  first 
frost  or  freeze  is  usually  as  cold  as  any 
weather  we  have  during  the  winter,  and 
it  is  generally  followed  by  some  mild 
pleasant  weather,  during  which  the  oats 
should  be  planted.     The  object  of  this 
late  planting  is  first  that  you  are  able  to 
get  the  green  cotton  seed  to  fertilize  with; 
second,  that  it  prevents  the  cotton  ^eed 
from  coming  up,  to  the  injury  of  your 
land,  third,  that  it  p  events  your  oats 
from  being  "winter-killed."    Oats  plant- 
ed early  in  our  semi-tropical  climate  find 


the  ground  warm  and  the  days  hot,  and 
they  immediately  come  up,  having  a 
small  root,  and  soon  a  big  exposure; 
this  renders  thera  liable  to  be  winter- 
killed. If  planted  as  above  directed,  the 
oats  find  the  ground  cold  and  the  nights 
cool,  and  the  plant  is  thus  put  on  notice 
and  at  once  adapts  itself  to  the  surround- 
ings ;  it  makes  a  big  root,  comes  up  pre- 
pared for  the  weather,  and  "stools"  and 
covers  the  ground;  it  does  not  grow- 
much, but  lives  during  the  cold  weather, 
and  when  the  spring  arrives  it  shoots  up 
rapidly. 

The  decomposition  of  the  green  cot- 
ton seed  under  ground  with  the  oats 
generates  heat,  and  this  tends  to  prevent 
"winter-killing." 

For  every  bushel  of  cotron  seed  used 
as  a  fertilizer,  the  farmer  can  rely  on  the 
yield  of  an  additional  bushel  of  oats. 

After  careful  experiments  in  the  field, 
we  have  made  an  oat  formula,  that  is 
nearly  perfect ;  it  is  made  by  the  analy- 
sis of  the  oat  plant. 

(Mr.  Furman  experimented  this  year 
by  adding  to  it  soluble  suica,  to  remedy 
the  trouble  of  "lodging,"  hoping  to 
strengthen  the  stalk,  but  he  stated  that 
it  was  a  failure). 


""Furmans  Farm  Improvement  Company  has  the  sole  right 
to  make  Buffalo  Bone  Guano"  or  Furman's  Formula  Am- 
monified, 

GOLDEN  GBAIN  GUANO  OR  FURMAN'S  FORMULA  FOR  OATS.— Re- 
member it :  keep  a  crop  on  the  ground  ;  it  prevents  washing-,  it  protects 
the  land  from  the  laot  sun. 

Nature  manures  from  the  top  in  tropical  and  semi-tropical  climates. 

He  never  plows  cotton  after  it  is  a  foot^tall,  except  with  a  sweep;  a  scoot- 
er or  turning  plow  cuts  roots,  which  makes  the  plant  throw  off  the  fruit 
and  go  to  weed.  Better  have  grass  and  roots  to  the  cotton  than  cheap 
crop  of  plants  and  no  fruit.    His  rule  is  to  break  deep  and  plow  shallow. 


COTTOH  AFTER  OATS. 


If  another  crop  is  desired  on  the  same 
land,  as  soon  as  your  oats  are  cut  lay 
off  your  land  in  rows  seven  feet  wide  as 
follows  :  Take  a  turn-plow  and  bar  off 
each  way,  leaving  a  ridge  from  four  to 
six  inches  wide  in  the  middle  unbroken. 
Break  this  out  with  two  shovel  furrows, 
l>ut  frjm  five  Hundred  to  a  thousand 


pounds  to  the  acre  of  "Furman's  Form- 
ula, ammoniated,"  in  the  bottom  of  this 
furrow,  and  cover  with  a  little  dirt  to 
prevent  the  fertilizer  coming  in  direct 
contact  with  your  seed,  with  a  scooter 
furrow  from  the  side,  then  sow  your 
seed  by  hand,  using  ple-aty,  from  three 
to  four  bushels  per  acre,  and  cover  with 


Furrnan  Farm  Improvement  Coynpany. 


li 


a  harrow  or  forked  plow.  You  will  get 
a  stand  in  a  few  days.  The  stubble  in 
the  ground  will  prevent  washing  until 
it  rots.  The  moisture  in  the  stubble 
seeking  an  outlet  will  be  drawn  to  the 
cotton.  Your  cotton  at  that  season 
(almost  the  first  of  June)  will  grow  very 
rapidly,  then  break  out  the  middle  of 
the  rows.  Now,  when  you  give  your 
cotton  the  last  sweeping,  drill  peas  in  the 
middle  of  each  row  {speckled  peas  are 
here  recommended)  and  apply  with  them 
about  one  hundred  pounds  of  chemicals 
(suited  to  the  pea  cropl  to  the  acre.  Your 
peas  will  grow  oif  rapidly,  and  will,  in 
their  turn,  prevent  washing ;  they  will 
not  interfere  with  the  opening  or  pick- 
ing of  your  cotton,  an  1  will  protect  the 
lower  bo"' Is  against  dirt,  and  will  give 
you  a  magnificent  coat  of  humus  a?  a 
manure  for  your  land.  This  meth- 
od makes  three  crops  a  yenr  and  the 
product  of  the  cotton  will  not  be  materi- 


ally decreased.  Time  of  planting,  last- 
of  May  to  1st  of  June. 

A>'OTHER  ACCOUNT. 

But  to  return :  after  the  oat^  are  cut 
the  stubble  will  hold  it.  If  another  crop 
is  desired  on  the  same  land,  plant  cotton 
in  six  (6)  feet  rows,  using  a  ton  of  "Fur- 
man's  Formula,  ammouiated."'    On  the 
land  of  the  six  feet  rows  leave  eight- 
inches  of  stubble  on  the  line  of  each  ro"^ 
I  of  cotton,  breaking  from  it  on  either  side 
with  a  turning  plow— one  furrow,  thes 
break  out  the  middle  or  eight  inch  stub^ 
bie  with  a  scooter,  breaking  about  two- 
thirds  of  it  the  first  furrow  and  going 
deep  and  taking  the  remainder  with  the-- 
I   second  furrow.    Plant  five  bushels  of 
I  cotton  seed  by  hand  to  the  acre  as  usual- 
I  and  when  tlie  cotton  is  knee-high  plo^' 
j  out  the  middle  and  plant  peas,  Mr, 
'   Furman  reeards  this  a-  the  best  way  tc? 
'   U'^e  a  hillside,  and  is  assured  that  it'will 
prevent  v,"ashing.  restore  the  land,  anc* 
.  pay  well  if  persisted  in  for  several  years 


7ALUE-H0W  PLANTED  AND  CUL- 
TIVATED. 

Mr.  Furman  valued  peas  very  highly, 
a^d  he  called  them  the  natural  clover  of 
the  South.  He  called  attention  to  the 
fact  that  the  pea-plant  had  marked  sim- 
ilarities to  the  cotton  plant,  and  that  he 
regarded  the  pea  crop  as  the  best  means 
of  supplying  humus  or  vegetable  matter. 
He  recommended  that  they  should  be 
left  to  die  on  the  ground  before  turning 
them  under,  for  reasons  fully  given  un- 
der the  head  of  Green  Soiling.  T\'hen 
planted  between  cotton  rows,  or  between 
stalks  of  corn,  he  used  the  sjjecJded  pea, 
but  when  he  planted  for  a  luxuriant  pea 
crop  for  supplying  humus  or  vegetable 
lii'^tter  he  recommended  the  clay  pea. 
Many  plant  the  speckled  pea  broadcast; 
he  planted  the  clay  pea  in  drills.  On  this 
subject  he  said : 

"My  object  is  to  secure  the  largest 
am'unt  of  vegetable  matter.  The, clay 
pea  produces  a  ranker  grrwth  than  the 
speckled,  and  the  drilling  plan  enables 
you  to  fertilize  and  cultivate  the  pea 
crop.  My  plan  is  as  follows :  Start  three 
single  turn  pi  "  ws  nearly  abreast,  one 
after  the  other  Let  them  break  the 
ground  thoroughly,  going  round  in  a 
circle  and  never  stopping  until  the  cen- 


i   tre  of  the  field  is  reached.    Follow  the 
j   third  plow  by  a  negro  boy  with  a  sack  of 
I   chemicals— a  pea  fertilizer — (something- 
j  on  the  order  of  the  Ash  Element,  a  cheap 
I   preparation  suited  to  the  requirements 
1   of  the  pea-planty  apply  one  hundred 
j   pounds  to  the  acre.    Follow  him  by  a 
j   second  boy  with  a  sack  of  peas  in  tht 
I   same  row.  drilling  the  peas,     Thus,  a-i 
;   one  operation,  practically,  the  ground  i> 
j  broken  and  fertilized,  tlie  peas  plantec.. 
'   and  covered — a  great  saving  in  labor. 
The  peas  will  come  up  in  drills  18  inches 
apart.    "\^'hen  the  grass  appears  run  s 
16-inch  sweep  between  the  drills,  one 
furrow  to  the  center  of  the  field,  com- 
1   mencing  at  some  point  on  the  side  or 
I   corner  of  the  field,  and  running  roun<l- 
j  in  a  constantl}'  ncrrowing  circle  to  the. 
middle  of  the  field.     There  will  be  no- 
grass  or  weeds,  and  the  fertilizer  will 
make  the  growth  of  the  peas  a  solid  mas^>. 
It  cannot  be  turned  over  possibly  by  any 
plow  or  number  of  horses.     This  ma?5- 
by  spring  will  be  a  loamy  mould  of  S'?- 
eral inches  thickness;  it  will  mulch  ci,. 
ground  all  vrinter,  and  turned  undtr  if 
the  spr'ng,  will  make  the  soil  loose,  a 
tract  moisture,  allow  the  air  to  penetrate 
the  earth  more  freely  and  become  t 
j   chemical  laboratory  for  the  fcrmatior- 
!   of  plant  food  in  binary  compoundji  frore 


12 


Fiirman  Farm  Improvement  Company, 


the  monoforms.  "Turn  under  by  plow- 
ing across  rows." 

Mr.  Furman  stated  that  while  under 
ordinary  circumstances  he  would  never 
allow  stock  to  be  turned  in  on  his  land, 
%hen  the  peas  were  at  the  proper  stage, 
stock  could  be  turned  in  on  them  with 
impunity,  as  the  vines,  etc.,  would  serve 
:as  a  spongy  carpet  to  protect  the  land 
from  packing.  He  also  called  attention 
to  the  fact  that  enough  peas  would  be 
saved  by  planting  as  above,  in  the  drill, 
to  pay  for  the  fertilizer  used. 


A  FBJtTILISSE  FOa  EVEEY  OEOP. 

A  HARROW  A  NECESSITY. 

Mr.  Furman  was  frequently  asked  if 
3ie  manured  every  crop.  His  invariable 
answer  was  :  "Yes;  feed  your  land  and 
your  land  will  feed  you.  Use  a  special 
fertilizer  to  suit  the  requirements  of 
•each  crop."  He  was  frequently  asRad 
about  using  a  harrow;  his  reply  was : 
*'I  would  not  farm  without  a  harrow. 
Would  you  cultivate  a  garden  without 
a  rake  ?  A  plant  will  not  grow  among 
liard  clods." 

&REEN  SOILINS-. 

Green  soiling  will  do  at  the  North,  but 
farmers  at  the  South  had  better  let  it 
iSiXone. 

It  has  \3een  stated  that  I  object  to  the 
mse  of  vegetable  matter  from  g*^ss, 
peas,  etc.,  as  a  natural  means  of  fertil- 
izing on  soils.  This  statement  is  emi- 
nently wrong.  I  do  object  to  what  is 
technically  known  as  green  soiling  in 
this  climate  and  in  our  freestone  soils. 
My  experience  and  observation  lead  me 
to  think  that  heavy  masses  of  pea-vines, 
<Dr  a  heavy  growth  of  grass  turned  under 
^reen  in  this  climate,  causes  an  actual 
loss  in  fertility,  unless,  indeed,  the  land 
t>e  impregnated  with  lime.  I  have  never 
iiad  an  opportunity  of  trying  the  expe- 
riment on  lime  lands,  but  think  that 
the  result  there  might  not  be  injurious. 
The  reaaan  that  has  suggested  itself  to 
miy  mind  for  this  result  is  this  :  that  in 
■our  climare  where  there  are  no  freezes 
that  penetrate  any  depth  into  the  ground 
to  aerate  the  soil,  if  you  turn  under, 
say  a  heavy  coating  of  grass  after  oats 
•or  wheat  while  still  green,  the  earth 
Earned  on  top  largely  excludes  the  oxy- 
•gen  of  the  air  and  the  mass  of  vegetable 
matter  under  our  autumn  sun,  begin- 


ning a  rapid  decomposition,  and  failing 
to  receive  the  oxygen  to  render  that  de- 
composition healthy  and  perfect,  runs 
into  putrefaction,  resulting  in  an  acid 
re-action  and  the  formation  of  large 
quantities  of  the  vegetable  acids  whioh 
are  absorbed  by  the  soil,  in  a  manner 
poisoning  it  and  rendering  it  unproduc- 
tive. This  is  my  theory,  sustained  by 
my  own  experience  and  that  of  several 
of  my  neighbors.  My  experience  has 
clearly  demonstrated  to  me  that  it  is 
best  to  Iqt  the  peas,  gras?,  etc.,  die  on 
the  ground  and  turn  under  when  dead. 
These  questions,  however,  are  easily 
settled  in  each  individual  case  by  indi- 
vidual experiment. 

The  use  of  vegetable  matter,  whether 
as  rixuck,  stable  manure,  lot  scraping?, 
or  crops  grown  on  the  land  and  turned 
under  dead — for  I  insist  upon  the  use  of 
vegetable  mat'er  in  each  and  every  one 
of  these  forms — is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant features  in  my  system, for  these, 
combined  with  the  perfect  chemicals, 
make  the  perfect  plant-food. 


ANOTHEE  STATEMENT  AS  TO 
GREEN  SOILING. 

"  I  notice  one  point  in  your  plan  that 
is  altogether  novel  and  entirely  at  va- 
riance with  the  accepted  plan  of  pro- 
cedure in  green  fertilizing.  The  famil- 
iar plan  is  to  turn  under  the  green 
growth  of  pea^,  clover,  weeds  or  grass. 
You  say  let  it  lie  on  the  ground  and  rot 
until  spring,  and  then  turn  under  the 
mould.    Why  is  this?" 

"Oh,  I  know  that  I  am  in  the  teeth 
of  all  the  agricultural  journals  and  of 
ordinary  practice.  But  I  am  none 
the  less  convinced  of  my  position,  be- 
cause supported  by  experience  and 
chemical  reasoning.  Of  course  the 
green  vegetable  matter  must  be  rotted 
before  it  is  of  value  in  the  soil.  Now,  I 
maintain  that  it  is  better  to  rot  it  in  the 
air  on  the  surface  than  under  ground 
without  adequate  action  of  the  atmos- 
phere. Decomposition  is  like  combus- 
tion: it  requires  the  free  action  of  air  to 
go  on  perfectly.  The  abundance  of  ox- 
ygen is  as  necessary  to  the  one  process 
as  to  the  other.  In  our  hot  climate, 
with  heavy  rains,  when  vegetable  mat- 
ter is  turned  under  ground  and  the  air 
excluded,  a  rapid  decomposition  ineri- 


I'urman  Farm  Improve^ncjit  Company. 


1 

13 


tably  results.  This  quickly  runs  into 
putrefaction,  and  an  acid  reaction  re- 
suits  in  the  evolution  of  water  heavily 
loaded  with  vegetable  acids.  These  are 
absorbed  by  the  soil  and  poison  it.  *  By 
poisoning  it,  I  mean  rendering  its  plant 
nourishment  insolube  and  unavailable." 

"  Is  not  this  a  verv  startling  theory? 
Have  yoti  any  tangible  ground  to  base 
it  upon  ?" 

Yes,  by  frequent  experiments,  and 
by  observation  as  well.  1  have  noticed 
articularly  the  experience  of  a  neigh- 
or.  Four  years  ago  he  had  go 'ten 
eight  acres  of  ground  up  to  stich  a  high  { 
state  of  ctiltivation  that  he  made  forty 
bnshels  of  wheat  to  the  acre,  or  a  total 
of  820  bushels  upon  the  ground.  After 
the  wheat  was  cut,  the  rich  so  1  threw 
up  a  tremendous  growth  of  weeds. 
They  were  over  waist  high,  and  exceed- 
ingly rank.  Acting  upon  the  common 
plan,  he  turned  under  the  growth  to  en- 
rich further  the  soil.  The  effect  was 
wonderful.  The  next  year  he  put  the 
land  in  oats  and  it  did  not  make  the 
seeds  sown.  The  oats  were  stunted 
and  unhealthy  looking.  Since  then  he 
has  treated  the  land  well  and  continued 
to  fertilize  it.  Yet  this  year,. the  fourth 
since  he  turned  under  the  grass,  he  made 
only  tweaty  bushels  of  wheat  upon  it. 


Evidently  he  poisoned  the  ground,  and 
rendered  the  plant-food  in  it  unavail- 
able by  the  acid  reaction  of  the  un- 
natural decomposition  of  the  grass  and., 
weeds." 

"  Would  not  there  be  a  difference  in; 
such  a  formation  of  acids  in  lime  lands 
and  in  the  sandy  land  of  your  neigh- 
bor'* unfortunate  experiment  ?  Would, 
not  the  free  lime  absorb  these  acidSj.. 
supplying  the  very  thing  needed  ?" 

"Probably  the  deleterious  effect, 
might  not  be  so  great  in  the  lime  lands,, 
but  there  could  be  no  advantageous  re- 
{  suits,  for  the  acid  and  lime  combinatioEi 
woula  be  insoluble  and  unavailable  as; 
plant  food.  But  such  a  process,  if  kepfe 
up  several  years,  would  certainly  neutral- 
ize all  the  free  lime,  and  work  a  decided 
injury  sooner  or  later.  By  all  means  let 
the  humus  be  formed  in  the  open  air^ 
and  turn  it  under  in  the  spring.  This 
is  the  natural  process  cf  supplying  the 
earth  with  vegetable  matter.  It  is  going 
on  all  the  time  in  the  woods,  and  makes 
the  mould  that  every  one  knows  to  be 
valuable  as  an  assistant  to  any  vegetable 
growth.  It  is  the  process  by  which  in 
the  cycles  of  years  the  bald  rock,  that 
first  was  separated  from  the  water  in 
creation,  was  converted  into  a  habitable 
earth." 


Great  care  shonld  be  taken  in  using 
this  most  valuable  material.  Many 
farmers  have  complained  of  stalks  of 
cotton  being  killed  by  it,  and  in  some 
cases  Furman's  system  has  been  abused 
on  account  of  it.  Unless  properly  and 
carefully  mixed  bad  results  will  follow, 
and  Mr.  Furman  stated  in  one  of  his 
"Home  and  Farm"  letters,  and  also  in 
his  interview  with  the  "'Georgia  Truck- 
Farmer,"  that  so  important  did  he  re- 
gard the  necessity  of  its  accurate  and 
thorough  manipulation  by  machinery, 
to  the  sticcess  of  his  system,  that  he  had 
aided  in  organizing  the  company  of 
which  he  was  president  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  The  company  now  bears  his 
name,  and  pays  a  royalty  to  his  family 
for  his  formula.  -No  other  company  can 
furnish  Lis  complete  formulae.  Don't  be 
deceived  by  others  offering  to  sell  mate- 
rials to  make  his  brands.  The  "Furman 
Farm  Improvement  Company"  alone 
furnishes  his  en' ire  system  and  his  im- 
proved fertilizers.  Every  sack  is  branded 
"  Furmaii's  Formula^  This  company 
use  only  the  purest  and  best  materials, 
and  sell  these  perfect  fertilizers  at  the 
lowest  cash  figures. 

Ask  your  merchant  for  these  fertilizers. 
We  shi-ll  ptit  them  in  your  reach,  if  pos- 
sible, and  if  you  will  write  to  us  we  will 
see  to  it  that  yoic  get  them. 

Furman  Farm  ImproYement  Co.. 

ATLANTA,  GEORGIA, 


«  «  9  « 

"  Just  here  I  think  it  proper  that  I ' 

should  call  the  attention  of  my  brother 
farmers  to  one  very  important  fact,  and 
that  is  the  great  value,  in  the  use  of  the 
chemicals,  of  a  thorough,  fine  division  or 
comminution  of  the  materials.  This 
principle  is  thoroughly  understood  and 
appreciated  by  the  medical  world  in  the 
application  of  mineral  medicine  to  tbe 
animal  economy.  For  example,  it  is  well 
known  that  calomel,  reduced  to  an  im- 
palpable powder,  reciuires  but  one-tenth 
in  weight  to  produce  a  given  effect  as  the 
same  medicine  before  ground,  or  when 
in  the  ordinary  coarse,  grainy  condition. 
This  same  rule  in  the  application  of 
mineral  manures  to  the  vegetable  world 
holds  equally  good,  and  for  this  reason  I 
recommend  the  mixing  of  the  chemicals 
before  they  come  into  the  hands  of  the 
farmers  with  properly  arranged  ma- 
chinery. I  have  had  great  trouble  my- 
self in  mixing  my  chemicals,  and  have 
never  succeeded  in  this  portion  of  my 
work  as  I  would  have  desired.  ^Kealizing 
this,  I  made  arrangement  tllis  year  to 
have  the  chemicals  mixed  by  machinery 
in  Atlanta,  and  I  have  found  it  a  very 
decided  improvement  on  the  old  way." 

Any  farmer  can  safely  use  2,000 
pounds  compost,  it  does  not  cost  more 
than  200  pounds  commercial  fertilizers 
— 500  pounds  of  "Furman's  Formula" 
chemicals  for  compost  will  make  2,000 
pounds  compost. 


14  Fur  man  Farm  Improvement  Company, 


FURMAN 

FARM  IMPROVEMENT  COMPANY. 


This  company  was  organized  in  Octo- 
;&er,  1883,  by  Mr.  Hugh  H.  Colquitt,  Pro- 
fessor N.  A.  Pratt  and  Mr.  W.  C.  Grasty. 
Mr.  Farish  Furman  became  a  director  in 
I>ecember,  and  was  elected  president. 
Through  Mr.  Furman's  efforts,  aided  by 
Messrs.  Colquitt  and  Grasty,  over  40 
•ml  the  leading  merchants  in  Georgia.  Ala- 
b-ama  and  South  Carolina  became  stock- 
holders. It  is  a  home  company,  operated 
with  home  capital.  The  original  name 
#f  the  company  was  "Southern  Mining 
mnd  Farm  Improvement  Company." 
;Soon  after  Mr.  Furman's  death,  the 
Jiame  of  the  company  was  changed 
la  his  honor,  to  "Furman's  Farm  Im- 
^ovement  Company."  The  large  facto- 
xj  of  the  company  is  located  at  East 


Point,  connected  by  telephone  with  the 
office  in  Atlanta.  The  company  is  readjr 
for  business. 

ITS  OFFICERS  ARE  : 

E.  W.  Marsh,  ('of  Moore,  Marsh  and 
Company,)  President. 

W.  C.  Grasty,  Jr.,  Vice-President. 

L.  J.  Hill,  (President  Gate  City  Na- 
tional Bank, )  Treasurer. 

Prof.  N.  A.  Pratt,  Chemical  and 
Mining  Engineer. 

Hugh  H.  Colquitt,  General  Mana- 
ager. 

J.  M.  Patton,  Secretary. 

Joseph  F.  Allison,  Superintendent. 


READ  THE  PRESS  NOTICES. 


Atlanta  Constitution. 

COMPANY. 

The  quickest  building  ever  done  in 
■Georgia,  in  our  knowledge,  is  recorded 
ill  the  erection  of  the  factory  for  tiie 
Funuan  Farm  Improvement 'Company, 
3t^t  East  Point. 

Tills  company  organized  last  year  with 

heavy  capital  and  put  tijeir  fertilizers, 
specially  prepared  under  Mr.  Furman's 
supervision,  on  the  market  for  the  first 
time.  It  was  knovvn  that  they  were  very 
successful,  but  never  until  this  season 
approaclied,  and  the  demand  began  to 
Opev,  did  the  company  appreciate  the  re- 
markable demand  this  one  season's  re- 
^rd  had  created. 

It  then  became  necessary  to  build  a 
large  factory  in  the  shortest  possible 
Hme.  The  compa'  y  broke  grouud  for 
the  new  factory  on  September  29:h.  The 
building  was  finished  on  November  15th, 
«r  in  just  46  days.  It  occupies  over  one 
fchousand  feet  of  railroad  iront,  covers 
nearly  an  ;  ere  of  ground.  Over  100,000 
feet  of  lumber  was  user!,  and  yet  the  car- 
ptnters'  work,  including  the  heavy  tim- 
bers necessary  to  support  the  acid  cham- 
bers, was  done  in  twenty-five  days.  The 
materials  for  the  building  were  bought 


from  the  firms  named  in  the  advertise" 

ment  on  tbe  first  j^age  of  The  Constituiion 
after  close  figuring  was  done  with  ail  the 
leading  firms  in  the  various  lines. 

The  company  offers  for  sale  excellent 
fertilizers,  made  after  Mr.  Furman's 
f  irmulse.  They  have  been  tested  for  sev- 
eral years  on  Furman's  farm,  where  thejr 
produced  the  most  wonderful  results. 
Last  sea'^on  when  first  generally  int  o- 
duced  they  gave  the  highest  satisfaction. 
The  compa  y  is  a  home  institution — haa 
strong  men  of  high  character  in  its  make 
up,  and  deserves  the  hearty  patronage  of 
our  people. 

to  the  farmers  of  the  south. 

"Farish  Furman's  Formula"  is  pre- 
pared only  by  the  "Southern  Mining  and 
Farm  Improvement  Company,"  H.  H. 
Colquitt,  General  Manager,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Mr  Colquitt's  company  guarantees  the 
grade  of  the  goods,  and  agrees  to  sell  at 
what  I  know  to  be  bottom  prices,  and  E 
have  authorized  them  to  sell  these  goods 
with  my  name  and  brand  to  prevent  any 
impositions  to  the  injury  of  the  planter 
and  my  own  hurt. 

F.  C.  Furman. 
The  above  letter  was  written  by  Mr. 
Furman  last  season,  and  in  order  to  ia- 
^  sure  the   perfect   preparation  of  tka 


Furman  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


15 


'^Formula,"  he  united  with  the  compa- 
ny and  became  its  president.  The  com- 
pany, in  his  honor,  changed  the  name  to 
^  Furman  Farm  Improvement  Com- 
pany," His  farai'y  get  a  royalty  on  the 
fertilizers  we  make,  and  we  alone  have 
the  information  for  making  "Furman's 
Formula"  as  perfected  by  him. 


[From,  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  Mav  20,  1883. 

AN  IMPOHTANT  ENTHEPEISE. 

A  FACTORY  FOR  WOEKI^G  FUF.MAy'S  FOP.M- 
ULA — KEEPI^JG  OUR  MONEY  AT  HOME. 

Late  last  season  Mr.  H.  H.  Colqnitt 
offered  for  sa  e  a  fertilizer  made  up  after 
the  formula  established  by  ilr.  Furman' 
Mr.  Furman  himself  wrote  out  the 
formula  and  .superintended  itsmanufac- 
-  '  rliaa  1,000  tons  were  sold 
and  muck  more  ordered 

Appreciating  the  demand  fui  rh's  fer- 
tilizer, Mr.  Furman,  Mr.  Colquitt,  j-Ir. 
Gra.-ty  and  a  few  other  gentlemen  deter- 
niinc'd  to  establish  a  factory  for  working 
up  this  formula.  Thc-y  as.^ociated  with 
them  Dr.  X.  A.  Prau.  whom  we  have 
commended  in  these  columns  a5  having 
done  more  for  the  m^.neral  development 
of  the  So  .til  than  any  other  man  within 
its  borders.  The  enterpri^  -  -  under 
way,  and  enough  capit:^  :i  sub- 

scribed to  make  it  an  a.-;u:   .  -  .  _  :  u  s 

The  plan  of  the  company  is  to  furui-li 
the  chemicals  commuted  in  the  pre.^v  u- 
tion  and  manner  as  directed  by  :\If  Fur- 
man and  under  his  control.  .=o  that  the 
larni  vt  "  u^  ^:>uy  it  and  compost  it  with 
his  '!  .seed  and  stable  manure, 

and  -  ri^'Oi  fertilizer  tor  cofion 

at  ie-:.-5  tj,  '  "  O^e  cost  of  a  full  com- 
mercial th  -  also,  to  make  a  full 
ammonia:L-.i  .ei  Liiizer  hy  the  addition  of 
cotton  sef-d  meal  and 'all  ehe  that  is 
needed,  Each  of  these  plans  they  will 
or^'u-  to  tli'v  fai-mer. 

The  C''i:nuany  lias  =ecured  three  iron 
pyrire  nrine-,  out  of  which  they  will 
make  its  own  sulphuric  acid,  and  their 
works  will  V,e  under  the  supervision  of 
Dr.  Pritt,  wlio  put  up  the  acid  works 
both  here  and  at  Xa-shville.  This  gives 
pei  feet  assurance  that  the  work  will  be 
W'-d  done.  Arrangements  have  been 
made  _fur  cotton  seed  meal,  and  every- 
thing in  the  fertilizers  except  the  phos- 
pliates  will  be  taken  out  of  Georgia  soil. 
Other  things  being  ecpial.  every  ton  of 
homeuuade  ferdlizer  purchased  in  place 
of  a  foreign  article  is  jttst  so  much  better 
for  the  State. 

It  is  projxDsed,  we  believe,  by  the  com- 
pany, to  extend  its  field  of  operation 
and  Fnlirge  its  capital  somewhat  by 
offering  to  take  one  stockholder  in  each 
town  in  Georgia,  and  thus  interesting  at 
least  one  merchant  in  the  sale  of  the 
new  formula.  The  Constitution  has  no 
Jnterest  in  the  enterprise  beyond  what 


I  it  has  in  every  scheme  that  looks  to  the 
I  benefit  of  the  State.  Every  factory 
j  built  by  Dr.  Pratt  has  an  unequivocal 
succe.s5,  and  his  plan,  backed  by  the 
"Furman  Formula,"  and  preparing  the 
acid  phosphate  and  kainit  for  compost- 
ing, promises  not  only  to  be  profitable, 
but  of  great  advanta'ge  to  Georgia  in 
stimulating  composting  and  in  keeping 
our  monev  at  home. 


[From  the  Chronicle  and  Constitutionalist.] 

FUPvMAN'S  LATEST  PEOJECT. 

There  .seems  not  to  be  the  slightest 
doubt,  but  rather  cumulative  testimony 
of  the  highest  character,  that  Hon.  Far- 
ish  Furman  has  practically  demonstra' 
ted  that,  by  his  intensive  system  of  agri- 
culture,  the  poorest  land  in  the  South 
can  be  made  as  productive  as  the  alluvi- 
um of  the  IMis.-issippi  or  the  Valley  of 
the  yile.  As  a  specimen  of  what  h^'s 
culture  has  accomplished,  we  are  told 
th.Ht  on  .some  acrus  of  what  ws  once 
barren  Georgia  upland.  I'.rr,  Furman,  in 
spite  of  drought,  expects  confidently  to 
make  twenty  ba'es  of  cotton  I  Liebig 
attributed  niuch  of  the  decadence  of  the 
Roman  Empire  to  the  bui.ding  of  tlie 
Great  Sewers  of  the  eat  >ital  citv,  whereby 
the  ferti  izingiuaterial,  th  it  should  have 
gO';e  back  to  tlie  land  from  v.-Ineh  it  wra 
taken,  washed  into  the  Tiber  and  was 
lost  forever.  Ivlr.  Furrnan  deiuo^ustratcs 
that  modern  chemistry  has  provided  a 
method  for  re-establishing  worn  out  or 
i.^xhausteel  soils,  and  that  no  p'ace  on  the 
earth's  surface  has  advantages  suj^erior 
or  equal  to  the  South  in  the  productirn 
or  manufacture  of  the  material  trsed  in 
recreating  the  impoverished  tields  of  the 
country.  Having  demonstrated  the  ex- 
cellence of  intensive  farming,  lie  has 
gone  farther,  and,  in  co-ju notion  with 
Mr.  H.  H  Co'quitt  and  others,  proposes 
a  plan  v.diereby  another  n:ining  and 
manufacturing  industry  shall  be  added 
toother  enterpri.ses  of  a  similar  impoit 
in  the  South. 

Fnle-s  all  demonstration  be  fiction, 
Mr.  Furman.  has  .solved  the  greatest  ag- 
ricidtural  ditfieti'ty  of  the  age,  especiary 
as  it  applies  to  the  S^juth,  by  producing 
a  manure  that  is  thoroughly  adapted  to 
the  planters'  wants,  and  that  not  on^y 
compels  unprecedented  crop  yields,  but 
leaves  the  soil  infinitely  richer  and 
better  than  it  ever  was  in  any  .stage  of 
its  existence  since  the  foundation  of  the 
world. 

His  next  step,  and  not  less  important, 
is  to  deliver  this  people  from  the  bond- 
age of  alien  fertilizer  manufacttirers,  and 
keep  at  home  the  surplus  wealth  that  is 
only  too  often  sent  abroad  for  imperfect 
and  even  dangerous  material  Mr.  Fui'" 
man  claims — and  his  experiments  would 
seem  to  demonstrate  the  claim  beyond 
cavil— that  he  has  hit  upon  the  peVfect 
formtila  for  cotton.  His  engrossing  idea 
now  is  to  have  the  South  manufacture 


16 


Furman  Farm  Improvement  Company, 


her  own  fertilizers,  and,  to  that  end,  and 
as  an  incident  to  it,  develop  her  mines 
of  pyrites  from  which  the  acid  necessary 
shall  be  drawn. 

It  is  the  ambition  of  Mr,  Furman,  as 
■we  understand  it,  not  only  to  show  the 
South  how  to  comprehend  and  apply  a 
perfect  fertilizer,  but  that  this  fertilizer 
shall  be  essentially  a  Southern  product 
a  long  way  better,  cheaper  and  more 
fructifying  than  the  material  that  has 
made  millionaires  of  so  many  Northern 
people  and  paupers  of  so  many  Southern 
farmers.  Mr.  Furman,  as  we  view  it, 
has  fulfilled  all  the  conditions  of  being 
considered  such  a  public  benefactor.  He 
only  needs  to  be  sustained  by  Southern 
farmers  and  merchants  to  an  extent  that 
will  not  only  pro '^e  beneficial  to  them, 
"but  to  this  section,  which  provenly  con- 
tains, according  to  Prof.  Pratt  and  other 
experts,  all  the  necessary  raw  material 
for  a  complete  restoration  of  the  soil,  its 
permaneT;t  fertility  and  the  saving  of 
millions  of  money  that  annually  go  out 
of  the  South's  pockets  to  the  vast  enrich- 
ment of  strangers  andthe  disastrous  leech- 
ing of  our  people.  If  Mr.  Furman  and 
Mr.  Colquitt  can  stop  that  drain  of  mon- 
ey and  turn  it  upon  our  own  cities  and 
fields,  they  are  worthy  of  the  highest 
honors  any  na'ion  could  bestow  upon 
its  worthiest  citizens.  They  feel  assured 
of  success,  and  we  see  no  reason  to  doubt 
their  highest  anticipation.  If  Furman 
can  make  a  fertilizer  that  performs 
miracles  on  poor  land,  there  is  no  reason 
to  question  his  ability  to  apply  intensive 
finance  to  intensive  agriculture. 


[From  the  Georgia  Truck-Farmer,  Fort  Val- 
ley, Georgia.] 

rUEMAN'S    rOEMULA    AS  COM- 
POUNDED BY  THE  SOUTHERN 
MINING  AND   FABM  IM- 
PROVEMENT COMPANY. 

AN  INTERESTING  TALK  WITH  MR.  FURMAN. 

The  Ti-uck-Farmer  office  was  honored 
en  Friday  last  by  a  visit  from  Hon.  Par- 
ish C.  Furman,  the  man  with  whom 
©riginated  the  celebrated  formula  which 
is  now  so  extensively  and  profitably 
used  in  all  the  cotton  growing  States. 
Mr.  Furman  is  president  of  the  South- 
ern Mining  and  Farm  Improvement 
Company,  of  Atlanta,  and  was  accom- 
panied by  Mr.  W.  C.  Grasty,  treasurer 
of  the  same,  and  we  have  seldom  had  a 
Tisit  from  two  more  pleasant  and  agree- 
able gentlemen.  Mr.  Furman  is  travel- 
ing ovpr  Georgia  in  the  interest  of  his 
company. 

When  asked  about  the  aims  and  ob- 
jects of  his  company,  Mr.  Furman  said  : 

"The  Southern  Mining  and  Farm  Im- 
provement Company"  is  an  enterprise  to 
tee  located  at  Atlanta,  Ga,,  the  object  ci 
which  is,  first,  the  production  of  stancl- 
ard  chemicals  for  fertiliztng  purposes  ct 


superior  grade  from  Georgia  pyrites  and 
Carolina  phosphate  rock  at  bottom 
prices.  Second,  the  manufacture  from 
these  chemicals. 

First,  of  the  chemical  constituents  of 
Furman 's  formula  to  be  offered  the 
farmers  in  the  best  possible  condition 
for  use  in  composting  with  muck  and 
home-made  manure;  that  is  to  say, 
thoroughly  mixed  and  finely  divided  or 
comminuted  by  suitable  machinery, 
making  the  same  materials  much  more 
available  as  plant  food,  and  therefore 
more  valuable  to  the  farmer  than  if 
mixed  on  the  farm  with  the  hoe  and 
spade. 

Second.  The  preparation  .  of  special 
manures  for  each  variety  of  crops  grown 
in  the  South.  As,  for  instance,  a  special 
manure  for  cotton,  ouf  for  corn,  one  for 
oats  and  one  to  suit  the  requirements  of 
the  truck  farmer. 

Some  agricultural  journals  have  taken 
the  position  that  it  is  clieap  r  and  better 
for  the  farmer  to  purchase  the  chemical 
ingredients  of  Furman's  formula  sepa- 
rately and  mix  them  at  home  hims  If, 
but  this  is  a  mistake.  In  the  iirst  place, 
there  is  danger  of  his  not  getting  first- 
class  material ;  in  the  second  place  it  is 
impossible  upon  a  farm  to  thoroughly 
mix  and  comminute  the  materials  as  can 
be  done  by  proper  machinery  at  the  fac- 
tory. ' 

To  give  an  idea  of  the  increased  value 
produced  by  fine  comminution  or  divi- 
sion of  the  particles,  take  an  illustration 
from  the  animal  economy  : 

Calomel  reduced  to  an  impalpable 
powder  produces  with  the  same  weight 
ten  times  as  great  an  effect  upon  the  hu- 
man being  as  the  same  substance  in  a 
coarse  powder.  So  it  is  with  chemical 
manures  in  their  relation  to  an  effect 
upon  the  vegetable  world. 

The  finer  the  subdivision  and  the 
more  thorough  the  mixture,  the  more 
immediate  and  sustained  will  be  the  ef- 
fect. The  efficacy  of  the  formula  is  in- 
creased at  l6ast  twenty-five  per  cent,  by 
this  means. 

The  intention  of  the  directors  and  in- 
corporators is  that  this  is  to  be  essential- 
ly a  farmers'  company,  the  capital  stock 
is  one  million  dollars,  in  shares  of  a  par 
value  of  ten  dollars  each;  it  is  intended 
that  this  stock  shall  be  scattered  among 
the  farmers  of  Georgia,  Alabama  and 
South  Carolina,  with  the  idea  of  secur- 
ing in  every  investor  a  friend  and  cus- 
tomer, whose  interest  it  will  be  to  build 
up  the  company  in  which  he  has  in- 
vested. The  enterprise  so  far  has  been 
received  with  marked  favor,  and  there 
is  ever  an  eagerness  shown  to  invest  on 
the  part  of  every  one  who  has  been  ap- 
proached on  the  subject. 

The  idea  of  the  originators  is  that  its 
success  will  do  more  to  encourage  prac- 
tical co-operation  among  the  farmers  by 
giving  them  a  community  of  interest 
than  any  ether  enterprise  ever  stated 


Furritaji  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


n 


at  the  South.    The  intention  is  to  sell  j 
el'  se  for  cash,  thereby  c-nco  -ira-rir  g  ca:^h  ; 
purchase  on  the  part  of  the  farmer,  and  j 
discouraging  the  ruinous  credit  on  time 
system  thatls  sapping  the  vitality  of  the 
eountry. 

The  motto  will  be  quick  sales  and 
small  profits — which  motto  will,  it  is  be- 
lieved, insure  generous  dividends  for 
the  stockholders— kte|.ii;:g  all  our  nio:iev 
at  home.  Of  the  demand  for  i'  -  ^■ 
there  is  no  dotibt.  Some  of  ;  - 
were  mauufacuired  and  pat  in.:..- 
ket  as  a  test,  in  Februarv  and  Z\larch  ar 
Atlanta,  by  Mr.  H.  H,  Cob  nr.",  bv  au- 
thority of  Mr.  Furman,  ;  '  liy 
for  cash.  Mr.  Colqni  :  -  ..^a 
prepared  and  received  o].,.:;  i.ji  hun- 
dreds of  tons  he  was  u::;able  to  furnish. 

The  issue  of  the  enterprise  will  be 
most  beneiicial  from  every  -landpoinr: 
it  will  furnish  the  farmer  a  standard  ar- 
ticle of  chemicals,  ar  a  rate  it  is  beneved 
lower  than  ever  oriered  before,  and  as 
some  of  these  chemicals  v.dll  be  prepared 
peculiai'ly  with  a  view  to  comp>:>-f'i:g 
under  Mr.  Furman'-  plan-  and  prinred 
directions  that  will  accompany  each 
sale.  It  is  hoped  and  believed  that  a 
wonderfttl  stimulu*  will  be  given  the 
saving  and  proLba-.T-oa  o:  b  jme-made 
manures,  withoiu  ca_-e  a;:ention  to 
which  no  system  of  agriculture  can  per- 
manently endure  and  prosper.  For  in- 
simice.  the  manure  from  one  cow  care- 
ful y  saved,  and  mixed  with  litter,  etc., 
which  should  be  placed  under  the  cow 
at  night  in  a  p.en  in  which  the  c  j'v  sh.nild 
be  coniined.  "is  worth  not  le—  ilian  rifty 
dollars  a  year,  and  in  a  failure  by  lazi- 
ness? and  carelessness  on  the  part  of  Geor- 
gia farmers  to  pen  their  cattle  ae  night 
on  the  proper  litter  of  pine  straw  leaves, 
etc.,  there  is  a  clear  loss  of  millions  of 
dollars  a  year. 

From  the  Mac'on  Dailv  Telesraph.! 

FAEMEE  FUBMAN'S  FOSKULA. 

We  are  hxed  in  the  faith  that  our 
farmers  should  plant  less  land,  and  work 
what  they  plant  by  better  processt-s,  and 
that  every  pound  of  manure  saved  and 
tised  on  the  farm  adds  to  the  material 
wealth  of  Georgia.  We  trust  that  Farm- 
er Furman"s  formula  may  prove  an  uni- 
versal success,  and  because  we  so  wish  it 
we  cannot  adopt  the  hysterical  -tyle  of 
writing  of  it  until  it  has  fairly  stood  the 
test  of  time. 

We  are  pleased  to  know  that  it  is  to  be 
presented  to  the  farmers  of  Georgia  in 
such  a  shape  as  should  induce  them  lo 
give  it  a  thorough  trial,  A  company 
has  been  formed  "to  prepare  the  clieni- 
icals  to  be  used  in  this  formula  at  At- 
lanta. Georgia.  This  companv  embr:.ces 
among  others  W.  C.  Grasty,  Eso,,  a 
gentleman  of  cool  judgment'  and  busi- 
ness esperienc-^,  and  Dr.  Pratt,  a  clu.un- 
ist,  whose  fame  is  not  coniined  to  Geor- 
gia, The  company  has  eng  tred  the 
products  of  mines  ftirnishing  the  best  of 


copper  pyrites,  from  which  fo  manufac- 
ture sulphuric  acid.  The  phcvsphates 
will  be  obtained  in  South  Carolina,  and 
the  kainit  must  be  imported  from  Ger- 
many. 


FUEHAN'S  TASIC. 

WOXDEEFUL    WOEK    OX    A    SCRUB  FaRM 

— Growing  erom  Eight  Balies  or 
Cotton  ox  Sixty  Acres  to  Okb 
HuyDKEP  Bales,  and  How  the  In- 
crease WAS  MADE — Formula  for 
Feeding  the  Earth — Startling 
Figures. 

Si'teial  L  j  the  Atlanta  Constitution. 

Atlanta,  Ga.,  Sepi ember  30. 

I  suppose  there  are  fc>v  re.id; r-^  of  T'.t 
Omstiiution  who  do  not  remem  ber  Farish 
Furman. 

He  was  a  bright  and  brainy  Senator 
in  1S76,  and  led  the  capital  campaign 
against  Atlanta — was  meuiiorjed  for 
Congress — and  I    '  ^  -  eemed  him 

as  one  of  the  b>_  -  and  most 

capable  of  our  yo /.jliticians.  A 
few  years  ago  he  quit  politics  and  went 
to  farmingr    I  heard  diat  he  had  set- 
tled on  a  thin  piece  of  land  with  ]xx)r 
prospects,  and,  in  common  with  many 
of  his  friends,  thought  he  had  dropped 
out  of  affairs. 
At  the  last  Agricultural  Convention 
j  he  electrified  the  older  farmers  of  the 
1   State  with  the  details  of  the  most  as- 
toundini;  five  years'  farming  ever  done 
I   in  a  Southern  State,  and  is  to  day  more 
;   talked  about  in  the  State  than  it  he  had 

served  in  Con^re^s  twenty  years. 
!  I  have  heard  tlie  record  of  his  wonder- 
I  ful  work  several  times  within  the  past 
;  few  montas,  and  tlie  comment  with 
j  which  it  is  usually  greeted  is.  "I  don't 
believe  it."  I  simply  say  that  I  have 
I  the  authority  ci  a:  least  t.bree  excellent 
I  gentlemen  for  the  truth  of  the  following 
I   main  points; 

Furinan  started  with  sixty  acres  of 
the  vl'T-v  poiuest  land  in  Middle  Georgia 
,   rive  years  ago.     The  first  year  he  made 
'   eight  bales  of  cotton  on  the  sixty  acres, 
or  less  than  one  bale  to  eight  acres. 
'   This  shows  that  it  was  the  poorest  of 
scrub  land. 

The  second  year  he  put  ^iXi  pounds  of 
compost  to  tlie  acre,  and  made  twelve 
bales  of  cotton  where  he  made  eight 
before. 

The  third  year  he  used  LOCK)  potinds 
of  compost  to  the  acre,  increasing  the 
vield  on  the  sixtv  acres  to  twentv-three 
bales. 

The  fourth  year  he  used  2,000  pounds 
1  of  compost  to  the  acre,  and  increased 
I  his  crop  to  forty-seven  bales  on  the 
i   sixty  acres, 

I      The  hfth  year  he  iised4,O0Q  pounds  oi 
compost  to"^  the  acre,    and    his  crops 
certainly  above  eighty  bales  to  the  sixty 
acres  and  may  reach  one  hundred  bales. 
He  has  done  all  this  work  with  two 


18  Fur  man  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


plows,  and  eighteen  days  extra  plowing. 
His  official  and  detailed  statement  shows 
that  the  total  expenses  were  $2,300,  and 
his  net  profits  $2,725 — a  fine  record  on  a 
two-horse  farm.  In  addition,  the  land 
that  was  worth  $5  an  acre  five  years  ago 
is  now  worth  $100  an  acre.  So  with  two 
mules  this  year  he  has  raised  at  least 
80  bales  of  cotton,  1,000  bushels  of  oats 
and  400  bushels  of  corn. 


From  the  Charlotte  Observer.  1 

FTJEMAN'S  PAEMINGIN  OAEOLINA. 

A  good  deal  has  been  said  in  our  col- 
umns lately  about  the  extensive  system 
of  farming  pursued  by  Mr.  Farish  Fur- 
man,  of  Georgia,  and  on  a  trip  to  Cabar- 
rus county  the  first  part  of  this  week 
this  writer  saw  a  practical  demonstra- 
tion of  its  wonderful  results.  Mr.  Ervin 
Harris,  a  young  farmer  of  Poplar  Tent, 
became  interested  in  the  accounts  of 
Furman's  intensive  system  and  con- 
cluded to  try  it.  He  selected  an  acre  of 
ground  which  he  plan  ted  in  cotton  after 
Furman's  plan.  He  put  on  this  acre  of 
ground  1,200  pounds  of  compost.  The 
early  season  was  bad  and  the  cotton  did 
not  get  a  good  stand,  but,  this  fact  to  the 
^contrary  notwithstanding,  he  will  make 
fully  three  bales  from  this  one  acre.  The 
cotton  is  neck  high  to  a  man  and  there 
are  from  fifty  to  seventy  five  bolls  to  the 
stalk.  Mr.  Harris  never  hoed  the  cot- 
ton, but  ran  a  plow  through  to  cultivate 
it.  He  is  so  well  pleased  with  the  result 
that  next  year  he  will,  he  says,  cultivate 
as  much  land  as  his  means  will  allow 
under  this  intensive  system.  It  is  sim- 
ply wonderful,  and  with  these  practical 
results  before  their  eyes,  it  will  not  be 
long  until  all  our  farmers  are  pursuing 
Furman's  method. 


EXTBAOTS  PROM  ME.  TUEMAN'S 
SPEECH. 

The  only  other  question  left  for  con- 
sideration, and  one  with  which  I  am  fre- 
quently confronted,  is:  "Granted  that 
it  can  do  all  this,  does  it  pay?"  "Is  it 
not  too  expensive  for  general  adoption?" 
"Is  it  within  the  means  of  the  average 
Southern  farmer?"  To  answer  these 
queries  I  will  draw  again  upon  my  own 
experience  and  give  you  the  figures  cov- 
eringnny  five  years'  experiment  on  sixty 
acres  of  land. 

Five  years  ago  I  selected  sixty  acres  of 
the  poorest  land  in  middle  Georgia,  fi  ve 
acres  being  red  clay,  twenty-five  sandy 
surface  with  clay  subsoil  near  the  sur- 
face, and  about  one-half  or  thirty  being 
sandy  piney  woods  land  without  any 
clay  within  several  feet  of  the  surface.  I 
cultivated  this  carefully  the  first  year 
without  manure,  and  made  on  it  eight 
bales  of  cotton.  The  second  year  I  ap- 
plied 500  pounds  of  compost  per  acre, 
consisting  of  «ix  bushels  cotton  seed,  six 
bushely  stable  and  lot  manure,  and  one 


hundred  and  forty  pounds  chemical, 
costing  two  dollars  per  acre,  making  the 
cost  of  manure  used  on  the  sixty  acres 
$190.  The  crop  was  twelve  bale^otton, 
averaging  470  pounds  and  bringing  $47 
per  bale — giving  four  bales  of  cotton  in- 
crease, or  in  money  $188,  and  leaving  a 
profit  on  its  use,  after  paying  for  the  ma- 
nure, of  $68,  or  about  60  per  cent.  The 
third  year  I  doubled  the  manure,  using 
one  thousand  pounds  pver  acre,  costing  on 
the  sixty  acres,  in  the  aggregate,  $240 
and  the  crop  nearly  doubled,  rising  to  23 
bales  and  giving  an  increase  of  15  bales, 
worth  $675,  with  a  profit  from  the  use  of 
the  manure  of  $435,  or  nearly  two  hun- 
dred per  cent,  on  the  money  invested  in 
man  ure.  The  fourth  year  I  doubled  the 
application  again,  with  an  aggregate  cost 
of  $480,  and  this  time  the  crop  was  a  lit- 
tle over  doubled,  being  for  this  year  47 
bales;  the  increase  over  the  firsi  year  be- 
ing 39  bales,  worth  $7,755,  leaving  a  prof- 
it of  $1,275,  or  nearly  300  per  cent,  on  the 
investment.  The  fifth  of  last  year  I  again 
doubled  the  manure,  using  4,000  pounds 
to  the  acre,  costing  altogether  $960,  and 
the  crop  harvested  was  70  bales  cotton 
and  500  bushels  oa  s— five  acres  of  the 
land  having  been  planted  first  in  oats 
and  afterwards  in  cotton,  with  a  yield  of 
500  bushels  oats  and  IV^  bales  of  cotton. 
Putting  the  oats  at  60  cents  per  bushel, 
the  money  value  of  this  crop  waf  $3,450, 
leaving  a  profit  on  investment  in  manure 
of  $2,490,  or  a  percentage  of  profit  of 
nearly  260  per  cent. 

You  will  observe  that  the  percentage 
of  profit  was  not  quite  so  great  this  year 
as  last,  but  the  return  in  money  was 
gaeater,  as  there  was  twice  as  m  uch  in- 
vested, but  the  profit  in  the  use  of  the 
manure  in  increased  production  repre- 
sents only  one  branch  of  the  profit. 
While  I  was  increasing  my  crops  and 
receiving  heavy  dividends,  I  was  build- 
ing up  my  land.  When  I  began,  two 
hundred  dollars  would  have  been  a  large 
price  for  the  sixty  acres ;  to-day  I  could 
sell  it  for  fifty  dollars  an  acre  ;  so  that 
twenty-eight  hundred  dollars  has  been 
made  by  the  increase  in  value  of  the 
land,  but  the  manure  used  during  the 
time  only  cost  in  the  aggregate  $1,800; 
so  the  enhanced  value  in  the  land  pays 
for  the  manure  and  leaves  a  thousand 
dollars  as  profit.  Aga'n,  to  make  70 
bales  of  cotton  and  500  bushels  of  oats, 
with  the  average  production  of  Georgia 
or  Alabama  lands,  will  require  at  least 
250  acres  of  land,  and  it  will  take  at  least 
eight  mules  and  labor  in  proportion  to 
cultivate  it.  I  cultivated  my  crop  with 
two  mules,  thus  saving  the  'investment 
of  nine  hundred  dollars  in  that  most  un- 
desirable of  all  property,  a  mule,  when 
run  by  cutfee  as  a  freeman,  saving  the 
labor  of  a  six-mule  farm  and  the  feed  of 
six  mules ;  really,  under  the  intensive 
system,  I  cultivate  my  sixty  acres  of 
land  with  less  labor  than  a  crop  of  sixty 
acres  required  mi^^x  the  old  system.  I 


Furman  Farm  Improvement  Company.  19 


plant  lat«,  and  all  good  farmers  know 
that  means  l&ss  work,  and  my  crop  grows 
so  rapidly  that  it,  as  it  were,  works 
itself  and  I  soon  have  to  lay  it  by,  where- 
as under  the  bumble-bee  cotton  system, 
it  is  a  hard  fight  all  the  year  between  the 
cotton  and  the  grass,  and  the  farmer  is 
kept  constantly  digging  to  save  his 
crop. 

Again,  I  am  able  to  employ  and  secure 
the  best  and  most  eflfective  labor.  There 
are  two  ways  of  controlling  men,  one  by 
ttie  hope  of  reward,  and  the  other  by 
fear  of  punishment.  I  have  found  that 
by  holding  out  inducement  to  my  labor- 
ers of  extra  wages  in  the  event  that  a 
certain  fixed  product  is  obtained,  that 
the  quality  and  efficiency  of  their  work 
is  greatly  improved.  Again,  they  rake 
a  pride  in  the  crop,  and  are  as  careful . 
and  constant  in  their  efforts  to  secure  a 
maximum  result  as  I  myself. 

If  then  the  intensive  systera  is  so  pre- 
ferable to  the  old  or  extensive,  why, 
you  will  ask,  is  its  adoption  not  more 
«.ni'versal?  Remember  that  Rome  vvas 
no'  built  in  a  day.  It  takes  time  to  rev- 
olutionize the  habits  of  thought  and  ac- 
tion into  which  a  people  have  crystal- 
lized by  the  practice  of  three  generations. 
But  I  note  in  the  eagerness  for  tho  •oiigh 
practical  information  as  to  the  ne  /.-  sys-  | 
tem  that  every  day  is  becoming  in -re 
extended  and  more  earnest  among  our 
people,  a  golden  bow  of  promise  span- 
ning the  horizon  that  overhangs  the  des- 
tinies of  the  new  South.  And  I  predict 
here  to-day  that  we  have  already  enter- 
ed upon  an  era  of  success  and  prosperi- 
ty, such  as  has  never  yet  been  recorded 
for  any  people  in  the  annals  of  history. 

*  *  *  * 

All  the  learned  professions  are  crowd- 
ed to  overflowing.  We  need  no  more 
professional  men.  The  great  crying  ne- 
cessity of  this  country  is  intelligent,  edu- 
cated agriculturists. 

Your  native  state  has  wisely  opened 
up  here  within  these  academic  halls  an 
opportunity  for  you,  by  embracing 
which  you  may  educate  and  prepare 
fourself  peculiarly  as  a  farmer.  Seize 


upon  the  opportunity;  make  scientifiCj 
intelligent  agriculture  your  study  and 
delight,  and  my  word  for  it,  you  wili 
never  regret  your  choice,  for  it  will  bring 
yoti  fame  and  wealth,  and  what  is  better 
than  eithc,  contentment.  Do  not  be 
satisfied  to  be  a  mere  tiller  of  the  s^l ; 
study,  originate,  make  your  agriculture 
what  it  is — a  scientific  profession. 

Above  all  study  nature;  commune 
with  her  from  early  morn  till  dewy  eve. 
Strive  to  learn  her  laws  and  follow  them, 
for  in  so  doing  lies  the  secret  of  success 
in  any  department  of  life's  labor,  wheth- 
er in  science,  the  arts  or  agricultare. 
Sea  ch  ever  after  the  truth — not  that 
truth  which  justifies  you  or  your  pet 
theories  to  yourself,  but  seek  truth  for 
truth's  sake  and  when  you  have  found  it 
follow  its  lead.  Nature  is  always  true, 
and  if  you  can  find  out  what  nature 
wants  you  v.-ill  never  make  a  mistake. 
Nature's  laws  like  nature's  God  are  fixed, 
eternal,  unchangeable,  and  the  success 
of  that  man  is  assure  i,  who  conforms  ac- 
curately to  their  requirements. 

If  any  of  you  can  but  ascertain  the 
natural  laws  applicable  to  and  control- 
ling any  biancti  of  agriculture  and  them 
by  follow  ng  them  carefully  and  coa- 
scientioiisiy  can  succeed  in  building  a 
!  system  that  will  cause  two  blades  ©f 
grass,  two  stalks  of  grain,  two  ears  of 
corn,  or  two  boUsof  cotton  to  spring  and 
grow  where  but  one  grew  before,  thea 
indeed  is  your  mission  on  earth  not  a 
fruitless  one,  though  men  may  fail  t® 
erect  in  your  honor  monuments  of  mar- 
ble or  of  bronze,  and  though  none  maf 
attempt  to  perpetuate  your  memory- 
embalmed  in  glowing  canvas,  or  carved 
upon  the  chiseled  stone — you  will  leave 
an  impress  behind  yon  that  time  cannot 
efface,  and  that  will  last  long  after  the 
bronze  or  marble  shall  have  crumbled 
into  dust.  The  good  that  yoti  have  done 
will  not  die  with  you— it  will  live  on — 
it  will  but  broaden  and  deepen  with  the 
growth  of  time,  and  its  influence  will 
only  cease  to  be  exerted  for  the  benefit 
of  suffering  humanity  when  time  itsell 
shall  haye  lapsed  into  eternity. 


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Sole  Miaxi-afacb-ULrers,  I-ioiiis-ville,  Bly- 

(MENTION  THIS  PAMPHLET.) 
■'  ■» 

Atlanta  Home  Insurance  Co. 

A  GEORGIA  INSTITUTION,  SEEKING  HOME  PATRONAGE,  MANAGED 
BY  STRONG  AND  WEALTHY  HOME  FINANCIERS,  AND  MEANT 
TO  KEEP  INSURANCE  PROFITS  AT  HOME. 

Capital  Stock    -   -    -     $200,000  }■  Authorized   -    -    -  $500,000 

STOCK  DIFFUSED  IN  THE  LEADING  CITIES  AND  TOWNS  OF  THE  STATE. 

Business  Confined  to  the  State.  The  Most  Liberal  Policies  Issued.  Only  the  Best  Business 
Sought.    A  Company  Conservative  and  Solvent. 

liOBEUT  J.  LO WHY,  I>res.  -  -  -  IIXJUT,  Bee. 

DIRECTORS: 


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ROBT.  H.  RICHARDS, 
HENRY  JACKSON, 


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TAS.  H.  PORTER, 
JOEL  HURT, 


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R.  J.  LOWRY, 
GEO,  WINSHIP. 


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SUBSCRIPxiON  PRICE  $1.00  PER  YEAR.  ADDRESS 

SOXJTHEItlV  WOM-.r>,  Atlanta,  Oa. 


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C.  D.  3IEADOB,  S«Cf 


THE  CLARKE  SEKD-COTTON  CLEANER. 

W  e  offer  to  planters  and  ginnera 
tbe  jnsllv  celebrated  Clarke's  Seed- 
Cotton  (.leaner,  which  proves  by 
its  work  an  entire  success,  and  ha* 

v.-.;!.: -"or  i'.-e'f  ^fie/ertitation  of  a 
,  :  .  ' .  .-.r.erpre- 

by  r'?- 
.  5t  and 

- .   ^  -  :  y  the  gia 

fr.  :  -  .1  gieiily  lessening 

tl.-L- .  -le.   It  deta'^hes  the 

nii  u-  lint,  thoroughly 

loo>-eisuu  and  mixes  the  c*  tton, 
cansing  tbe  gin  to  run  much  light- 
er, aiiucleaiis  the  seed  more  per- 
fectly. It  ef:fCtu:-ily  prevents  the 
gin  frcm  cutting  .  r  n;;pping  the 
lint,  it  grea  ly  incriases  the  qual- 
ity and  quantity  the  lint,  giving 
it  a  silky,  soft  apiearance.  and 
causes  the  cotton  to  cias-s  from  one 
to  six  grades  highe'- than  it  would 
uncle:; u.  It  renders  the  ginning 
and  ba'.ing  pn^cess  much  more 
healthy  and  pleasant,  and  con- 
verts dirty  storn"!  cot^TP.  whick 
seldom  pays  for  ti-.e  rickins-  and 
ginning' iiito  erood.  merchantable 
cotton.  It  proves  in.dispensable  if 
once  used,  and  a^s  it  is  simple  ia 
construction,  the  whole  machine 
driven  bv  one  belt,  only  two  bear- 
in -s  to  oil.  no  wav  tngetit  out  of 
order,  will  last  for  y  ears,  all  work- 
in?  fiartsbeins  of  iron  and  can  be 
ran  bv  horse,  steam  or  water  povr- 
er,  arid  oper?ted  by  a  boy.  The 
additional  power  required  to  run 
the  Cleaner  in  count  ction  with  the 
gin  is  non-iinal. 

De^cTiption  oi  Cleaner.— A— Con- 
trolling Valve.  B--Shndand  Dirt 
IMscharge  Flue.  D— The  Whipper  Chamber  in  which  the  cotton  is^freed  from  the  sand,  dirt, 
loose  trash  and  all  gummv  locks  torn  top'eces  and  thoroughlv  mixed.  E— f-eedinr  Flue.  F— 
Cotton  Discharge  Flue.  O— Pand  and  Dirt  Boxes.  The  ^  hole  rdachine  driven  by  one  belt— only 
two  bearings  to  oil— no  way  to  gee  it  out  of  order,  and  will  last  for  vears,  all  working  part5  being 
of  iron. 

Local  agents  wanted  in  all  unoccupied  territorv.  For  farther  information  call  upon  onr  loo w. 
agects,  or  apply  to  us  for  terms,  prices,  etc. 


CliAKKE  SEED-COTTOX  CLEAXER  M'F  G  CO., 

69"^;  E.  ALABAMA  Street,  ATLANTA, 


GA. 


THE  FAMOUS 

WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRIHGl 

—  ON  THE— 

SUWANBE  RIVER,  IN  HA.MILTON  COUNTY,  FLORIDA. 
Eight  Miles  from  Welbom,  Twelve  Miles  from  Lake  City,  ontlie  P.  C  &  W.  Sailway> 

—  AND  - 

EIGHTEEN  MILES  FROM  JASPER,  ON  THE  S.  F  &  W.  RAILWAY, 

WHERE  HACKS  CAN  BE  HAJ)  AT  ALL  TIMES. 

The  White  Sulphur  Spring  is  the  finest  Mineral  Spring  in  the  South,  its  waters  flo'wing  at  the 
rate  of  t^-entv  thousand  gallons  per  minute  from  solid  rock.  The  temperature  is  72  degrees 
Fahrenheit  the  year  round.  The  bath  pool  is  20x30  feet,  on  a  gradual  descent  from  two  to  eight 
ieet  deep  at  low  water,  making  it  one  of  the  finest  plunge  baths  in  America.  Its  waters  cure 
Rheumatism  in  all  its  forms,  Kidney  and  Bladder  Afiections.  Scrofula  and  all  Skin  Diseases, 
Nervous  Exhaustion,  and  Female  Complaints.  In  fact,  it  is  \he  place  for  all  invalids  m  search 
of  quiet,  rest,  and  health. 

Bath  in  Summer  and  Winter.  Ample  accommodations  have  been  made  for  two  hundred 
guests.  A  Public  Hall,  Bowling  Alley  and  Croquet  Grotinds  have  been  arranged  for  sport  and 
pleasure. 

Pot  fiirth«  Information  apply  to 

WIGHT  &  POWELL, 

WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  FLORIDA- 


THE  GLOBE  COTTON  PLANTER. 


THE  BEST  FOR  FARM:  USE. 

PAYS  DOUBLE  ITS  PRICE  IN  ONE  SEASON. 

THE  GLOBE   PLANTER  HAS  JUST  TAKEN  THE  FIRST  FIVE  ? PREMIUM  MEDALS  AS 
THE  BEST  COTTON  PLANTER,   THE  BEST  COTTON   AND  CORN  PLANTER, 
THE  BEST  COTTON  SEED  DRILL,  THE  BEST  COTTON  SEED  DROPPER, 
THE  BEST  FERTILIZER  DISTRIBUTOR,  AT  THE  LOUISVILLE  EX- 
POSITION, OVER  A  FIELD  OF  COMPETITORS.  THE 
GLOBE  HAS   NEVER   BEEN  BEATP:N. 

ITS  RECORD— After  eleven  days  test  in  the  field  again'it  twentv-nine  competitors  at  Atlanta 
Cotton  Exposition,  it  was  unanimously  awarded  first  grand  medal  and  special  certificate. 

At  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  State  Fair  a  com- 
mittee of  practical  planters  awarded  GLOBE 
PLANTE  R  first  prize  over  all  others. 

A  committee  of  Cotton  Planters'  Associao 
tion,  after  exhaustive  tests  in  the  field,  pr«>- 
nounced  the  GLOBE  'superior  to  any  Planter 
we  have  ever  seen.' 

The  Committee  on  Agricultural  Implements 
Southern  Exposition,  Louisville,  Ky.,  say : 
"On  account  of  the  great  variety  of  work  it 
performs,  its  simple  and  substantial  construc- 
tion, enabling  the  most  unskilled  labor  to  ase 
it,  together  with  its  low  price,  the  committee 
has  unanimously  awarded  the  above  five  med- 
als." 

What  the  Farmers  of  Seven  States 
Say  About  the  "Globe." 

J.  T.Collins.  Macon  Station,  Ala.— "Great- 
ly superior  to  any  other.    I  use  four." 

W.  H.  McDaniel  Forest  City,  Ark.— '-The 
best  for  both  cotton  and  corn  1  ever  used." 

P.   S.   Burney,    Madison,    Ga.— "  It  does 
better  work  than  any  machine  I  ever  saw." 
C.  L.  Walmsley,  Natchitoches,  La.—*'  We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  it  is  the  best  implement 
we  have  ever  seen." 

C.  H.  Smith,  Greenville  Miss. — "  I  have  used  twelve  of  your  Plante-s,  using  them  side  by  side 
with  four  other  Planters,  and  they  are  superior  in  every  respect  to  all  others." 

C.  T.  Lawrence,  Scotland  Neck,  N.  C.~"I  had  another  planter  but  laid  it  aside  for  yours,  and 
now  use  the  "  GLOBE  "  on  both  my  farms." 

James  P.  Perkin,  Fort  Mott,  S.  C— "  The  GLOBE  is  better  than  the  Dow  Law  or  any  other 
Planter  I  ever  saw."  We  could  back  these  certificates  of  the  farmers  of  seven  states  with  scores  of 
ethers. 

SPECIAL.— To  meet  the  demand  for  the  GLOBE  PLANTER  we  have  made  a  smaller  siie, 
known  as  No.  2.  Our  No.  i.,  while  better  than  ever,  is  reduced  forty-three  pounds  in  weight,  and 
Vo.  2.  weighs  less  than  one  hundred  pounds.    The  Planter  is  improved  in  many  respects. 

Buy  the  best  and  save  money.  THE  GLOBE  PLANTER  will  pay  for  itself  twice  over  in  en« 
season. 

Used  by  the  Best  Farmers.    Address  THE  GLOBE  PLANTER  M'FG.  CO., 

Send  for  circular  and  mention  this  paper.  236  Marietta  Street,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


FRUIT  RECORDER 

«0  AND 

Cottage  Gartaer. 

20-  page  monthly;   $1.00  per 
year;  specimen  free. 

It  speaks  for  itself. 

Liberal   Terms  to 
Club  Agents. 


40-Page  TREE,  PLANT,  FLOWER  and 

SEED  CATALOGUE  Free  to  All. 
Address  ^5^^  PURDY, 

Palmyra,  N.  Y. 


Instructor. 

Telle  how  to 
grow  suc- 
cessfully. Scores 
of  llJustralions. 
Sent   postpaid,  for 
25  cents  in  stamps. 


For  particulars  see  catalogue. 


lEST  and  FIRMEST  of  the  large 
productive  and  hardy  Red  Raspberries. 


DUNCAN'S 
MAMMOTH  PROLBFIC  COTTON. 

YIELD.  6,S90  POUNDS  PER  ACRE. 


Tliis  cut  represents  the  actual,  size  of  a  boll  of  DUNCAN'S  MAMMOTh 
PROLIFIC  COTTON 

DALLAS,  GA. 


I'urman  Farm  hnprovement  Company, 


FARISH  FURMAN. 


Parish  Furman  was  born  in  Baldwin 
county,  Georgia,  in  July,  1846.  His 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  iFarish  Carter, 
in  his  days  the  largest  slave  owner  and 
wealthiest  man  in  Georgia,  at  one  time 
awning  over  two  thousand  slaves.  His 
maternal  grandmother  was  Miss  Eliza 
McDonald,  a  sister  of  Charles  J.  McDon- 
ald, who  was  at  one  time  Governor  of 
the  State,  and  one  of  its  most  prominent 
statesmen. 

Mr.  Furman's  father  was  Dr.  J.  H. 
Furman,  of  South  Carolina,  a  son  of  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Furman,  and  grandson  of 
Dr.  Richard  Furman,  of  Charleston,  an 
eloquent  Baptist  minister,  after  whom 
the  Furman  University  in  Greenville, 
S.  C,  is  named. 

Farish  Furman  entered  the  Southern 
army  in  1.864,  and 'served  as  a  private 
until  the  close  of  tlie  war.  He  then 
matriculated  at  the  Sout  h  Carolina  Uni- 
versity, at  Columbia,  and  then  took  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  In  1868  he  went 
to  Macon,  Ga.,  and  began  the  study  of 
law.  In  March,  1869,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  E.  F.  LeConte,  eldest  daughter  of 
Dr.  Joseph  LeConte,  the  celebrated 
scientist,  now  professor  of  geology  in 
the  University  of  California,  under 
whose  tutelage  he  was  graduated  in 
chemistry-— Dr.  LeConte  being  at  that 
time  a  professor  in  the  South  Carolina 
University. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  July, 
1869,  and  at  once  moved  to  the  old 
homestead  near  Milledgeville,  and  open- 
ed a  law-office  in  the  town.  In  1873  he 
was  appointed,  by  the  Governor,  Judge 
of  the  County  Court  of  Baldwin  county, 
and  held  the  office  until  1877,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  was 
largely  instrumental  in  calling  a  State 
convention  to  form  a  new  Constitution. 
Wiien  the  convention  was  called,  he  was 
sent  to  it  as  the  champion  of  Milledge- 
ville up|on  the  question  of  the  restora- 
tion of  the  capitol,  which  in  the  days  of 
reconstruction  had  been  removed  to  At- 
lanta, 

The  convention  having  remitted  this 
question  to  the  people,  he  took  the 
stump  and  canvassed  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  State  on  it.  In  1879  h3  was 
appointed,  by  the  Governor,  State's  At- 
torney in  his  judicial  circuit;  and  hav- 
ing been  defeated'  in  the  contest  for  the 
sui'cession  to  this  office  before  the  legis- 
lature (this  being  Iiis  first  and  only  de- 
teat ),  he  retired  in  disgust  from  politics 


and  turned  his  attention  to  his  landed 

interests,  fortunately  for  the  agricul- 
tural interest  of  the  State.  However 
valuable  may  have  been  Mr.  Furman's 
services  in  politics,  his  services  in  agri- 
culture have  far  surpassed  them. 

The  above  was  published  in  the  Home 
and  Farm  and  we  supplement  with  an 
addiiional  notice  from  the  same  paper: 

The  announcement  of  the  death  of 
Farish  Furman  will  be  received 
throughout  the  South  with  fee'ings  of 
deep  regret.  Among  the  Southern  far- 
mers his  death  will  be  felt  as  a  personal 
loss.  As  yet  a  young  man,  full  of  ener- 
gy, active  and  ^-areful  in  h's  hivestiga- 
tions,  successful  to  an  unusual  desrree  in 
his  exp  riments,  he  had,  though  a  law- 
yer in  the  active  pursuit  of  his  profes- 
sion, come  to  be  perhaps  the^most  influ- 
ential teacher,  in  a  practical  way,  of  all 
who  give  any  thought  to  agricultural 
topics. 

The  readers  of  Home  and  Farm  are  able 
to  appreciate  fully  the  value  of  the 
labors  of  Mr.  Furman.  His  formula  for 
making  a  fertilizer  on  the  farm,  for  util- 
izing what  formerly  had  been  throwa 
away,  has  now  been  tried  by  thousands, 
and,  when  followed  carefully,  with  uni- 
forml}'-  gratifyinar  results.  His  methods 
have,  in  fact,  inaugurated  a  revolution 
in  agriculture  in  the  South,  the  full  ef- 
fects of  which  we  are  now  beginning  to 
realize.  Mr.  Furman  did  not  propose  a 
rad'cal  departure;  there  was  no  effect 
on  his  part  to  overthrow  any  precon- 
ceived opinions  or  to  combat  any  h<^re- 
'  sies.  He  simply  applied  knowledge 
which  elsewhere  was  valuable  to  the 
farm.  He  used  the  materials  which  are 
within  the  reach  of  all.  He  reasoned 
about  his  work ;  he  was  observant,  care- 
ful and  painstaking;  he  was  logical  and 
exact.  The  results,  as  we  say,  can  not 
yet  be  estimated.  He  has  done  a  good 
work  for  his  people ;  a  better  w-rk  can 
no  man  do.  He  has  earned  his  rest, 
and,  though  he  departs  at  an  untimely 
hour,  though  he  puts  down  his  imple- 
ments of  labor  just  when  he  seem^'d  best 
abla  to  handle  them,  though  now  the 
world  seemed  least  able  to  do  without 
him,  we  know  his  work  was  done.  Of 
every  faithful  worker,  of  every  man  who 
does  earnestly  and  conscientiously  what 
day  by  day  is  given  him  to  do,  it  may 
be  said,  as  once  said  a  great  preacher, 
"He  is  immortal  until  his  work  is  fin- 
ished." 


i'urman  I^ar^n  Improveynent  Cotfipafiy, 


25 


PARISH  FURMAN. 

A  Ma^t  of  Geeat  Peo3iixe>-ce  I^-  Gzok- 
GiA  CrT*Dowx  i^'  His  Youth. 
[From  tfcie  Augusia  Chroiiicle.] 

About  two  months  ago  Judge  Farish 
Purman  called  at  the^  Chromde  office 
while  passing  through  Augusta,  This 
was  The  first  and  only  tinie  the  writer 
ever  beheld  him.     Though  thirty-seven 
years  of  age.  he  did  not  look  anything 
like  it.  and  the  high,   bright  'hopes 
beaming  in  his  whole  countenance  and  | 
giving  tone  to  every  look  and  syllable,  ; 
made^^him  appear  still  more  youthiul.  ; 
He  had  become  famous^  a'practical 
planter,  and  by  precept  and  example 
had  done  more  perhaps  than  any  man 
of  his  years  to  fire  the  whole  agriculture 
South  with  emulation  of  his  own  re- 
markable career.     It  is  said  that  the 
formula  he  had  given  to  the  world  was 
not  original.    Granted ;  but  he  had  the 
signal  credit  of  not  only  popularizing 
it,  but  demonstrating  substantially  that 
the  poorest  land  in  the  South  can  be 
made  to  produce  crops  equaling  and 
often  surpassing  those  fertilized  by  na- 
ture and  unworn  by  culture.    He  was  a 
splendid  type  of  the  younger  g-eneration 
01  men,  who  are  to  buildup  this  section, 
and  make  it  the  most  productive  on  the  i 
earth.     It  is  to  his  credit  that,  finding  \ 
that  law  and  politics  could  not  satisfy  j 
his  ambition,  and  that  other  men  were  i 
iipt  to  gain  more  local  celebrity  than  1 
himself  in  such  pursuits,  he  turned  his 
acute  intellect,  his  oratorical  gifrs.  his 
fondness  fo'^        ^:)Osition.  his  discipline 
in  research,  to  anouuei  arena,  with  such 
success  as  to  completely  overshadow  in 
far-pervading  reputation  the  rivals  of 
his  iorr.ier  p-^ie^^-iou.     While  liis  mind  ' 
was  ■/  triumph  of  his  : 

farm::.  ■.  ar:d  the  grander  i 

plans  lor  dcver  ;-:r.-;-  a  home  industry  in 
mining  and  fertiiizers.  he  bad  'not 
altogether  suppressed  the  desire  to  shine 
as  a  legislato/.  It  seemed  to  us,  from 
some  casual  words  he  dropped,  that  his 
vision  looked  beyond  Jiis  agricultural 
schemes,  and  that  he  expected  laier  on 
to  make  a  victory  in  one  domain  the 
stepping  stone  to  higlier  preferment  in 
another.  But  he  little  dreamed,  as  we 
did  not,  that  instead  of  pushing  from 
one  distinction  to  another  during  a  long 
life,  he  then  dwelt  under  the  shadow  of 
death.  He  stood  before  us.  the  picture 
of  robust,  manly  health  and  beauty, 
seemingly  predestined  to  length  of  days, 
and  yet,"'in  about  eight  wet-ks,  he  was 
sleeping  in  the  grave.  It  is  straiiire  that  i 
so  useful,  so  thorough,  so  excellent,  so  j 
strong,  so  admirable  a  young  man 
should  pass  away,  while  so  many  thous- 
ands who  merely  cumber  the  earth  and  j 
scandalize  it  remain  I  '^'e  are  again  | 
confronted  with  the  crv  of  Lear  over 
the  body  of  Cordelia :  "What !  Shall  a 
rat,  a  cat.  a  dog  have  life,  and  thou  no 
breath  at  all!"    The  voice  of  Faith,  I 


however,  comes  still  and  soft  and  low  t 
answer  that,  in  all  likelihood,  thi^ 
noted  Georgian  had  fulfilled  his  mis- 
sion ;  that  he  had  sowed  the  seed  for  an 
abundant  harvest ;  that  it  might  not 
have  been  well  for  him  to  linger  upon 
earth,  and  that  God,  who  gave  and  took 
him,  •  doeth  all  things  well.''  He  has 
left  behind  him,  to  be  the  pride  of  wife, 
children  and  country,  a  noble  record' 
haloed  by  an  undying  memory  of  youth. 
Other  men  will  take  up  the' work  that 
he  has  so  marvelously  begun,  and  bring 
it  to  grand  conclusions :  but  none  of 
them  will  have,  we  suspect,  a  fame  so 
singularly  ^ure.  and  long  will  it  be  be- 
fore Georgia  forgets  her  worthy  son. 

[Milledgeville  Correspondence  Atlanta  Consti- 
tution.] 

DEATH  OF  HON.  FARISH  FURMAN. 

Judge  Farish  Furman  died  at  8:30 
o'clock  last  night  of  malarial  fever,  fol-  / 
lowed  by  congestion  of  the  stomach. 
He  came  home  from  a  business  t"ip 
quite  unwell,  and  the  disease  which 
caused  his  death  soon  made  its  appear- 
ance. He  was  in  the  hands  or  a  devoted 
wife  and  able  physician.  Dr.  W.  H.  Hall, 
and  everything  possible  was  done  for 
him,  hut  without  success.  His  remains 
were  interred  in  the  cemetery  here  to 
day. 

*A  SKETCH  OF  jrDGE  LIFE. 

Judge  Fi:vi::a:i.  v  ;  young 
man.  i;jr  over  thirty--; .  .  .  death, 
was  one  of  tli^  bcst  k:it;."-n  men  in  the 
State.  He  was  ■^orti  in  l^^r  at  Scotts- 
boio,  Baldwin  county,  Georgia,  and  was 
a  son  of  Dr.  John  H.  Furman,  of 
South  Caroliija,  and  the  grandson 
of  the  celebrated  Dr.  Eichard  Fur- 
man, a  Baptist  divine,  at  cr  vrhom 
Furman  Finverjity,  in  Grc  r  '  vC., 
u'as  named.  His  mother  v::  rh- 
ter  of  Colonel  Farish  Carter,  u  ;^:rr:i:::ient 
citizen  of  this  State,  and  after  whom  Car- 
tersviile  was  named.  She  was  also  the 
niece  of  that  distinguished  and  honored 
son  of  Georgia,  Gov^ernor  Charles  J.  Mc- 
Donald. 

Judge  Furman  was  educated  at  Ogle- 
thorpe Fniversity ,  the  citadel  at  Charles- 
ton, and  finished  his  education  by  grad- 
uating at  the  South  Careiina  Fniversity 
in  1S6S.  He  commenced  ti  e  study  of 
law  soon  after  he  left  college,  and  in 
1S70  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Macon, 
having  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Nes- 
bit  Jackson.  He  entered  immediately 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession,  and 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  County  Court 
of  Baldwin  county  in  1873,  the  duties  of 
which  office  he  discharged  with  great 
ability. 

He 'was  too  young  to  be  an  active  par- 
ticipant in  the  first  years  of  the  war. 
But  his  datmtless  spirit  and  brave  heart 
carried  hira,  as  young  as  he  was,  into 
the  strife,  and  the  last  year  of  the  war, 
he  was  a  gallant  private  in  Elliott's 
South  Carolina  brigade. 


Fnrman  Farm  Imp\ 


^rovement  Company. 


In  politics  he  has  always  been  a 
strong  democrat.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Senate  in  1876,  and  has  served  one 
term  in  the  Georgia  Senate,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  conven- 
tion. 

He  devoted  much  time  to  securing  a 
call  for  the  constitutional  convention, 
withahopeof  having  the  capital  remov- 
ed back  to  Milledgeville,  which  city  he 
represented.  At  last  the  convention 
was  called  and  the  question  of  the  capital 
was  submitted  to  the  people.  Judge 
Furman  canvassed  the  State  in  behalf 
of. Milledgeville,  and  made  speeches  in 
perhaps  fifty  counties.  At  the  close  of 
his  term  in  the  Senate,  Mr.  Furman  was 
a  candidate  for  solicitor-general,  but  was 
defeated.  He  then  devoted,  himself  to 
farming,  bringing  to  that  occupation  a 
fine  education,  practical  and  scientific 
knowledge,  and  a  determination  to  give 
it  the  same  care  and  intelligence  that 
men  usually  give  to  the  professions.  The 
result  ^as  wonderful.  He  took  sixty 
acres  of  land  that  produced  eight  bales 
of  cotton  the  first  year  he  cultivated  it, 
and  byintehsive  farming  and  the  appli- 
cation of  a  compost  that  he  called  a  per- 
fect cotton  food,  he  raised  the  yield 
steadily  until  it  had  reached  80  bales 
from  60  the  acres.  He  expected  to  make 
from  the  same  ground  this  j'-ear  100 
bales.  The  details  of  his  plan  and  the 
results  achieved  were  printed  in  a 
series  of  letters  in  the  Constitution^ 
and  created  the  greatest  interest  through- 
out the  Cotton  States.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  more  than  a  million  copies 
of  the  letters  were  printed  in  the 
State  of  Georgia,  iu  one  way  or  another. 
They  have  started  a  revolution  in  the 
system  of  cotton  planting,  and  the  re- 
sults to  which  they  are  working  can 
hardly  be  estimated.  Mr.  Furman  dies 
with  his  experiments  but  half  comple- 
ted, and  his  death  is  a  loss  to  the  State, 
and  in  one  sense  irreparable. 


[Planter's  Journal,  Vicksburg,  Miss.  Oct.  1883.] 
DEATH   OF    PARISH   C.    FURMAN,  THE 
GREAT  GEORGJA    FARiVI£R-A  MONU- 
MENT TO  HIS  MEMORY  PROPOSED. 

It  was  a  sad  loss  to  the  South  when 
this  great  agriculturist  died.  He  has 
probably  done  more  for  the  cause  of  di- 
versified scientific  farming  than  any 
other  man  that  has  lived  in  the  Cotton 
States.  His  lecture  on  "Intensive  Farm- 
ing," published  in  the  Planters  Journal 
for  November,  1882,  went  further,  at- 
tracted more  attention,  and  we  believe 
did  more  than  any  single  essay  of  the 
kind  ever  delivered. 

His  experiments  in  fertilization  were 
peculiarly  successful.  His  celebrated 
formula  has  saved  to  the  country  thous- 
ands of  dollars  that  had  been  previously 
expended  for  more  costly  but  no  more 
efScient  means  of  manuring.  His  ex- 
ample io  cultivating  a  little  farm  of 


sixty-five  acres  of  worn-oat  land,  so  as  to 
make  a  clear  profit  of  over  $3,000  a  year, 
has,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  been  fol- 
lowed by  many  who  w^ere  half  cultiva- 
ting many  times  that  area  with  even  a 
less  profit.  « 

We  had  all  along  oeen  advocates  of 
small  farms  and  high  culture,  and  when 
Mr.  Furman  furnished  such  a  striking 
practical  example  of  the  advantage  of 
this  plan,  we  at  once  felt  that  we  had 
found  a  powerful  ally  and  a  valued 
friend.  So  highly  did  we  appreciate  him 
that  our  columns  during  the  past  year 
have  been  full  of  his  praise.  Among 
other  things  tuat  we  said  about  him  was 
the  following: 

"  The  most  famous  man  in  the  South 
to-day  is  faaKier  F.  C.  Furman,  of  Mil- 
ledgeville, Gra.  He  has  won  his  fame  by 
the  methods  that  Sir  Isaac  Newton  and 
Lord  Bacon  won  theirs — viz.:  by  natural 
discovery  and  inductive  reasoning." 

At  the  time  that  paragraph  was  written 
there  were  perhaps  some  who  thought 
we  were  allowing  our  praises  to  become 
extravagant,  but  when  the  history  of  the 
new  South  shall  have  been  written  we 
venture  the  assertion  that  its  pages  will 
bear  us  out  to  this  extent  at  all  events, 
that  if  he  were  not  the  most  famous  man 
of  his  day,  he  ought  to  have  been. 

It  is  men  like  Furman  that  the  South 
more  sorely  needs  than  those  of  any 
other  type.  Great  lawyers  are  useful, 
great  preachers  are  useful,  great  doctors 
are  more  useful,  but  great  farmers  are 
most  useful.  This  is  essentially  a  coun- 
try of  farmers,  and  yet  their  methods  are 
in  a  state  of  worse  backwardness  than 
those  of  any  other  craft  or  calling.  Far- 
ish  C.  Furman  was  not  only  a  great 
farmer,  but  a  great  teacher  of  farming. 
He  was  more  fa — discoverer;  hence  his 
commanding  usefulness. 

And  now  that  he  is  no  longer  among 
the  living  and  the  w^orking,  let  us  testify 
our  appreciation  of  his  life  and  his  work 
by  erecting  a  monument  to  mark  his 
resting  place.  Let  it  be  a  tribute  from 
the  farmers  of  the  Cotton  States  to  the 
noblest  farmer  of  them  all.  Let  it  show 
to  the  world  that  the  man  who  "acts 
well  his  part"  as  a  farmer  shall  have 
high  honor  paid  to  his  memory  by  his 
brother  farmers.  Let  a  subscription  lis^ 
at  once  be  prepared  and  circulated  in  all 
our  States.  Th.e  Planters'  Journal  will  be 
one  of  a  hundred  to  subscribe  the  first 
$5,000.   

[Atlanta  Evening  Journal.] 
DEATH  OF  HON.  F.  C.  FURMAN. 

The  many  friends  of  this  distinguished 
young  Georgian  in  this  city, and  through- 
out the  State,  will  receive  the  announce- 
ment of  his  death  with  deep  sorrow.  It 
was  generally  known  that  he  has  been 
prostrated  with  fever  for  a  few  weeks 
past,  but  it  was  hoped  that  he  would  re- 
cover up  to  yesterday. 

The  death  of  this  promisiog  young 


Furman  Farm  Improvement  Company. 


2 


man  is  peculiarly  felt  by  a  people  whose 
eyes  had  so  suddenly  been  turned  upon 
him  by  his  successful  farming  enter- 
prises, and  his  probable  solution  of  the 
problem  that  is  puzzling  oar  people. 
The  remarkable  feature  in  his  life  was 
the  abandonment  of  a  lucrative  law 
practice  and  a  most  promising  field  of 
political  preferment  to  devote  his  talent 
and  energy  to  the  practical  demonstra- 
tion of  Georgia's  resources  in  the  agri- 
cultural line.  His  name  was  already  fa- 
miliar all  over  the  South,  and  he  was  do- 
ing much  to  encourage  the  tillers  of  the 
soil,  and  bring  that  noble  calling  to  a 
proper  estimation  in  the  minds  of  the 
Southern  people*  _ 

The  death  of  Mr.  l-'urman  is  a  public 
calamity,  and  will  be  mourned  all  over 
the  State.  But  the  shadow  grows  darker 
when  we  think  of  the  void  created  in  his 
happy  home,  at  Scottsboro,  where  a  cle- 
voted  wife  and  two  bright  little  ones  are 
left  desolate.  He  was  a  tender,  thought- 
ful husband  and  father,  a  true-hearted 
warm  friend,  a  patriotic,  public  spirited 
citizen.  Well  may  Georgia  mourn  when 
death  claims  such  of  he^  sons  as  Farish 
C.  Furman. 


Charleston  News  and  Courier. 

DEATH  OF  MR:  F.  C.  FURMAN. 

Columbia  special  to  the  Sunday  News, 
dated  September  15th : 

"Farish  C.  Furman  died  at  his  resi- 
dence, near  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  last  night, 
after  three  weeks'  illness.    He  was  the 
son  of  Dr.  John  H.  Furman,  of  Sumter 
county,  in  this  State,  his  mother  being 
a  daughter  of  Judge  Farish  Carter,  of 
Georgia.    He    was    born  thirty-seven 
years  ago.    Farish  Carter  Furman  at- 
tended the  Citadel  Academy  during  the 
■war,  and  subsequently  graduated  with 
distinction  at  the  South  Carolina  Uni- 
yersity.    In  1869  he  married  a  daughter 
of  Prof.  Jos.  LeConte,  of  (Columbia,  set- 
tling in  Milledgeville,  Ga.  He  practiced 
law,  was  county  judge  and  was  sent  to 
the  State  Senate  in  1876.    He  took  a« 
active  part  in  the  Georgia  capital  cam- 
paign, but  afterwards  abandoned  politics 
and  devoted  himself  to  the  law  and  to 
farming.  The  results  of  his  experiments 
in  cotton  culture  have  been  published 
all  over  the  United  States  and  in  several 
parts  of  Europe.  He  contributed  to  lead- 
ing agricultural  journals  and  made  many 
public  addresses.    At  the  time  of  his 
death  he  was  engaged  in  raising  a  com- 
pany for  the  manufacture  of  stilphur 
from  Georgia  pyrites,  and  also  of  a  spe- 
cial fertilizer  or  perfect  cotton  plant 
food.    He  had  been  quite  successful  in 
Alabama  and  Georgia,  and  had  entered 
South  Carolina  on  this  mission,  but  on 
reaching  Columbia  he  heard  that  the 
caterpillars  had  appeared  in  his  crop, 
and  hastened  home  apparently  in  the 
most  robust  health  and  full  of  enesgy 


a  id  enthusiasm,  but  on  the  next  day  he 
was  taken  ill  with  fever,  from  whicK 
disease  he  died  last  night. 

"Young,  pure-minded,  highly  gifted, 
physically  and  mentally,  full  of  energy 
and  enthusiasm,  he  gave  promise  of  the 
greatest  usefulness  in  the  field  where  the 
South  most  needs  expansion.  So  often 
it  is  that  the  professions  steal  the  bright- 
est intellects  of  the  Sout'a  from  agricul- 
ture, that  the  death  of  Farish  Furman  is 
doubly  to  be  deplored.  Scientific  agri- 
culture has  lost  one  of  its  noblest  exem- 
plars." 

[From  the  Atlanta  Constitution,  Nov.  24,  '83.] 

The  cotton  convention  in  Vicksburg 
yesterday  passed  a  resolution  of  respect 
to  the  memory  of  the  late  Hon.  Farish 
Furman,  the  greatest  farmer  the  South 
ever  produced. 

YiCKSBUEG,  November  2.3. — The  sec- 
ond day's  session  of  the  iSTational  Cotton 
Planters'  Association  of  America  was 
largely  attended. 

THE  MEMOKY    OF  FAEISH  FUEMAN. 

A  resolution  of  respect  was  passed  ta 
the  memory  of  the  late  Farish  Furman, 
of  Georgia,  the  most  huccessful  and  fa- 
mous farmer  in  the  South,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  this  association,  wtomade  ninety 
bales  of  dtton  on  land  previously  pro- 
ducing eight  by  fertilizing  and  improved 
methods  of  culture. 


RESOLUTIONS  ON  THE  DEATH  OF  HON. 
F.  C.  FURMAN. 

Passed  by  the  board  of  directors  of  the 
"Southern  Mining  and  Farm  Improve- 
ment Company  :" 

Wheeeas,  Death  has  come  among  u& 
and  taken  away  in  the  prime  of  his  life 
and  in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness  ouj: 
President,  the  Hon.  Farish  C.  Furman, 
the  foremost  farmer,  the  skilled  scientific 
agriculturist,  be  it 

Resolved,  1st.  That  in  his  death  the 
State  loses  one  of  her  most  useful  citi- 
zens, the  cadse  of  agriculture  its  most 
eloquent  advocate,  and  the  country  one 
of  its  brightest  intellects. 

Resolved,  2d.  That  we,  his  associates  in 
the  great  work  he  was  doing,  deeply  de- 
plore his  untimely  taking  off,  and  here- 
by express  our  affection  for  him  and  our 
admiration  for  tbe  splendid  qualitiesof 
his  head  and  heart.  He  was  thoroughly 
equipped  in  mental  training,  and  his 
life  was  full  of  hope  and  promise.  We 
loved  him  and  we  mourn  his  loss. 

Resolved,  3d.  That  this  company  have 
publis'-ed  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  work 
for  distribution  among  his  friends  and 
the  stockholders  of  this  company. 

Res'dved,  -Ith.  That  in  consideration  of 
his  arduous  labors  throughout  this  long 
hot  summer,  traveling  and  talldng  al- 
most day  and  night  to  build  up  this 
companj^,  that  wo  in  honor  of  his  mem- 
ory have  determined  to  change  the 
name  of  this  organization  to  the  "Fur- 


2 8  Fvrman  Farm  Improvemejit  Company, 


man  Farm  Improvement  Company," 
and  immediate  steps  will  be  taken  to 
comply  with  legal  requirements. 

Resolved  5th.  That  we  tender  our  heart- 
5elt  sympathies  to  his  bereaved  family 
in  their  great  affliction,  and  that  a  copy 
of  these  resolutions  be  forwarded  to 
them. 

Resolved^  6th.  That  these  resolutionsbe 
"published  in  the  Atlanta  Constitution. 

E.  W.  Maesh, 
N.  A.  Pratt, 
W.  C.  Grasty,  Jr., 
Jos.  F.  Allison, 
Hugh  H.  Colquitt, 
Board  of  Directors. 

FExtract  from  an  eciitorial  in  "  L'Abielle " 
(New  Orleans)  of  March  31,  1883,  entitled 
Science  and  Agriculture.— 31): Furman.     *  -] 
It  is  thus,  that  in  a  short  time  this 
self-made    agriculturist    has  reached 
that  safe  and  certain  competency,  w^hich 
knows  no  reverse,  and  w^hich  laughs  at 
the  freaks  of  fortune. 

Would  that  every  agriculturist  might 
have  constantly  before  his  eyes  the  ex- 
ample of  this  intelligent  mind,  this 
noble  character,  this  true  model  of  the 
American  citizen,  this  survivor  of  those 
grand  generations  which  founded  the 
Union,  and  have  remained  its  purest 
glory.   

PARISH  FURMAN. 

[Providence  ( R.  I.)  Journal.] 
The  Augusta,  Ga.,  Chronicle  publishes 
an  excellent,  because  appreciative  and 
plainly  hearty,  obituary  notice  of  Judge 
Farish  Furman,  who  had  shown  what 
energy  and  skill  could  do  on  and  for 
the  soil  of  Geca-gia. 

While  commenting  upon  the  charac- 
ter and  abilities  of  Jtidge  Furman,  in 
their  various  p liases,  it  is  as  a  farmer 
that  he  is  held  up  to  view  as  the  noble 
exemplar  of  the  younger  generation  of 
Southern  men.  This  is  significant.  It 
speaks  of  a  new  spirit,  a  new  am)ition, 
anew  reward;  and  the  Chronicle  is  en- 
titled to  respect  for  the  persistent  and 
able  maimer  in  which  it  has,  despite 
the  sneers  of  some  of  its  home  contem- 
poraries, held  to  the  important  duty  of 
encouraging  agriculture.  This  is  the 
foundation  of  prosperity  everywhere. 
If  it  is  in  manufacturing  "England,  what 
is  it  not  in  Georgia. 


[Columbia  Register,  Sept.  18th,  1883.] 
DEATH  OF  THE  HON.  PARISH  CARTER 
FURMAN. 

This  brilliant  young  Georgian  died  at 
Jiis  residence  near  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  on 


Friday  night,  of  fever.  Three  weeks  ago 
the  deceased  was  in  our  city,  where  he 
impressed  all  who  met  him  with  his 
manly  vigor  and  the  generous  enthu- 
siasm of  his  hopeful  and  ardent  estimate 
of  the  great  future  awaiting  the  section 
of  his  birth  and  his  unfeigned  love. 

Mr,  Furman  was  a  member  of  the  old 
and  honorable  Furman  family  of  this 
State.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  John  H. 
Furman,  of  Sumter.  His  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  Judge  Farish  Carter,  who 
was  a  leading  man  and  one  of  the  wealth- 
iest citizens  of  Georgia. 

The  deceased  was  born  near  Milledge- 
ville in  1846.  During  the  war  he  was  a 
cadet  of  the  South  Carolina  Military 
Academy,  and  subsequently  pursued  his 
studies  in  the  South  Carolina  University 
with  much  distinction. 

In  1869  Mr.  Furman  married  a  daugh- 
ter of  Prof.  Joseph  LeConte.  He  leaves 
behind  him  this  wife  and  two  daughters. 
Locating  near  Milledgeville,  he  entered 
on  the  practice  of  law",  serving  also  as 
county  Judge.  He  was  elected  as  a  State 
Senator  in  1876,  and  canvassed  the  State 
for  the  removal  of  the  capitol  to  Mil- 
ledgeville. He  greatly  distinguished 
himself  in  this  canvass,  though  he  failed 
to  achieve  success  in  a  cause  possibly  a 
foregone  conclusion  from  the  beninning. 

Mr.  Furman  subsequently  devoted 
himself  to  intensive  farming.  Selecting 
sixty  acres  of  old  field  pine  land  near 
Milledgeville,  with  improved  methods 
and  manures,  he  raised  the  production 
of  this  farm  from  an  eighth  of  a  bale  to 
over  a  bale  to  the  acre.  The  great  suc- 
cess of  his  plan  of  cultivation  and  fertil- 
ization became  a  matter  of  repute  in  all 
Georgia  and  Alabama,  so  that  thousands 
of  Georgia  farmers  adopted  his  formula  ^ 
this  season.  When  a  great  chieftain  or 
statesman  dies,  we  pay  his  memory 
common  tributes  of  praise  and  rear 
costly  monuments  to  commemorate  his 
fame.  How  much  more  is  due  to  him 
who  blazes  the  pathway  of  that  agricul- 
tural progress  which  shall  give  us  anew 
earth  under  the  same  skies.  This  Farish 
Furman  not  ooiy  had  begun  to  do,  but 
had  already  done,  with  such  splendid 
success  that  Georgia  planters  will  not 
fail  to  mark  the  spot  that  contains  his 
mortal  remains  as  that  where  sleeps  one 
of  Georgia's  greatest  sons,  who  devoted 
his  distinguished  talents  in  the  day  of 
strong  young  manhood  to  the  exaltation 
of  that  calling  which,  above  all  others, 
carries  in  its  palms  both  peace  and 
plenty.  A  great  light  ha«  gone  out  in 
the  land,  and  we  of  Carolina  deplore 
him  as  a  noble  scion  of  a  race  of  good 
and  truQ  m^ii  oj  our  ow^n  soil. 


101, 103  and  103  West  Front  Street,  CINCINl^ATI,  OHIO. 


Send  for  descriptive  circular. 


SWIFT'S  SPECIFIC! 

/  Vegetable/ntidote  to  all  Sorts  of  Blood  Poison  /nd  Skin  Humor, 

The  interests  of  humanity  seem  to  demand  the  publication  of  the  following  facts :  Two 
months  ago  my  attention  was  called  to  the  case  of  a  poor  woman  who  was  said  to  be  afflicted 
with  a  cancer.  I  found  her  with  an  ulcer  on  her  shoulder  at  least  five  inches  in  circumference, 
angry,  painful,  and  giving  the  patient  no  rest,  day  or  night,  for  six^^months.  I  obtained  a 
supply  of  ciwift's  Specific,  which  I  persuaded  her  to  trv.  She  has  taken  five  botiles,  the  result 
of  which  is  that  the  ulcer  is  entirely  healed  up,  nothiiig  remaining  but  a  small  scab,  not  larger 
than  one's  finger  nail,  and  her  general  health  is'better  than  for  five  years  past.  She  seems  to 
be  perfectly  cured. 

An  old  man  of  sixty-seven  years  has  been  subject  to  scrofulous  sores  for  five  years.  He  had 
one  on  his  cheek  as  large  as  a  silver  <iollar,  swollen,  raw  and  constantly  exuding  very  offensive 
matter.  Another  on  his  foot  of  the  same  character,  and  several  on  his  hands,  all  of  about  two 
and  a  half  years'  standing.  His  general  health  was  poor,  and  he  could  scarcely  get  about  at 
all.  He  has  taken  two  bottles  of  Swift's  Specific.  The  sores  are  all  well,  leaving  scarcely  a 
vestige  of*their  former  existence,  and  his  general  health  better  than  it  has  been  iu  ten  years.  I 
consider  its  effects  wonderful— almost  miraculous.  Rev.  Jesse  H.  Ca^ipbell. 

Columbus,  Ga.,  October  ir,  1882. 

We  have  had  a  great  improvement  in  the  health  of  our  children  by  the  use  of  Swift's 
specific.  We  had  among  the  children  some  who  had  scrofula— notably  one  case  in  which  it 
was  unmistakably  hereditary.  We  got  some  of  Smit's  Specific  and  gave  it  to  this  case,  and  in 
a  short  while  it  was  cured  sound  and  well.  It  was  as  bad  a  case,  I  think,  as  I  ever  saw,  and  had 
been  under  excellent  physicians  with  no  permanent  benefit.  We  have  been  giving  it  to  all  the 
children  as  a  health  tonic.  We  have  four  children'and  one  seamstress  who,  for  years,  have  suf- 
fered intensely  every  spring  with  erysipelas,  and  though  they  had  been  taking  Swift's  Specific 
only  in  small  doses  as  a  health  tonic,  they  all,  without  exception  passed  through  this  spring  with 
out  a  touch  of  the  complaint. 

A  young  lady  of  the  institution,  who  has  been  with  us  for  years,  has  been  troubled  with  Sr 
most  aggravated  rash  ever  since  she  was  a  child.  She  tried  all  the  known  remedies  that  are 
prescribed  for  it  with  no  benefit;  but  she  has  been  cured  by  taking  Swift's  Specific,  and  has  had 
no  return  of  the  trouble. 

It  is  guch  an  excellent  tonic,  and  keeps  the  b  o-.'d  so  pure,  that  the  system  is  less  liable  to 
contract  disease.  All  of  the  teachers,  and  children,  who  are  old  enouge  to  know,  agree  with  me 
in  believing  it  is  the  greatest  medicine  known.  My  faith  in  it  is  unbounded  and  I  and  my 
assistants  take  great  pleasure  in  recommending  it  to  every  one.  I  can  at  all  tfmes  be  found  at 
the  Home,  and  will  take  pleasure  in  seeing  or  corresponding  with  "x-c  who  is  interr^ted  in  the 
remedy.  Rev.  L.  B.  Paine,  Orphans'  Home,  Macon,  Ga. 

Treatise  on  Blood  and  Skin  Diseases  mailed  free  to  applicaiats.  € 

THE  SWIFT  SPBCirre  COMPANY,  Drawer  3,  Atlanta,  Qa. 


Moore's  Business  University 

jBl10Lc3L  ^uls±±&1x  T2?^i23.ixx^  SclaoQX, 

ATLANTA,  GEORGIA. 

A  STANDARD  INSTITU  flON-ESTABLBSHED  1858. 


The  business  world  in  miniature.   Students  daily  on  Change.  The  best  course  of  instruction 
for  the  times.  Students  may  enter  at  any  time.  No  classes.  Send  for  circulars,  terms,  etc. 


The  Singer  Manufacturing  Co.  are  Agents  for  Mme.  DemoresVs  Reliable  Paper  Patterns^ 
42  Marietta  Street,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

CENTRAL  OFFICE  OF  THE  SINGER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY. 

For  Georgria,  Soutli  Carolina  and  Florida,  42  Marietta  St.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

603,293  Genuine  Singers  Sold  in,  1882     44,256  J/orc^  than  in  any  Previous  Year. 
The  "Old  Reliable"  Singer  More  Popular  Than  Ever, 

Because  it  is  the  strongest,  the  simplest,  the  most  dtirable  Sewing  Machine  ^ver  yet  constructed, 
and  has  courteous  agents  iu  every  county,  looking  after  interests  of  customers 
1,500  offices  in  the  U.  S,  and  Canada,  and  3,000  offices  in  the  Old  World  and  South  America, 
THE  SINGKR  MANUFACTURING  CO.,  43  Mari.  tta  Street. 
Principal  Branch  and  Sub-Branch  Offices,  under  Central  Office  at  ATLANTA,  GEORGIA. 
Onrviilni'  D»'ini»mknr>  •    Athens,  Ga.;  Augusta,  Ga,;  Columbus,  Ga.;  Ha-wkinsville,  Ga.; 
Ilygllldl   DldllbtSClb  .    Macon,  Ga  ;  Nevvnan,  Ga.;  Robae,  Ga  ;  Savannah,  Ga.;  Thomas- 
ville,  Ga.;  Charleston,  S.  C;  Greenville,  S.  C;  Columbia,  S.  C;  Newberry,  S.  C;  Jacksonville, 
Fla..  Tallahassee,  Fla.;  Key  West,  Fla. 


Southern  Sanitarium, 

FORMERLY  KNOWN  AS  THE 

nwwfi  KE^hwH  ij^gfifof E.  "w^TER  mm" 

Is  ihe  only  scientifically  conducted,  strictly  first-class 

HYGIENIC  MEDICAL  INSTITUTE  SOUTH, 

Where  invalid  ladies  and  gentlemen  have  philosophical,  rational  and  scientific  treatment  ad- 
ministered by  trained  nurses,  under  the  guidance  and  direction  of  experienced  and  conscien- 
tious physicians.  The  Sanitarium  is  not  a  hospital  or  infirmary,  or  anything  approaching  the 
same,  but  is  an  elegant  and  beautiful  residence  commodiously  fitted  up  with  the  usual  comforts 
and  conveniences  gener^illy  found  in  homes  of  culture  and  refinement.  Treatment  Departments 
and  Bath  Rooms  are  the  finest  in  the  South,  having  been  designed  and  built  especially  for  the 
Sanitarium,  with  a  view  of  rendering  treatment  agreeable  and  efiective.  We  have  m  addition 
to  the  very  latest  and  most  improved  scientifically  constructed  Hydropathic  appliances,  intro- 
duced, at  a  very  great  expense,  the  celebrated  MoliereThermo-ElectricBath,  Improved  Turkish, 
Full- Electric,  Russian,  Roman,  Electro- Vapor,  and  some  twenty  different  kinds  of  Electric 
Water-Baths,  which,  for  general  elegance,  privacy  and  superior  Therapeutical  results,  far  sur- 
pass all  other  baths  ever  known  to  the  profession  in  this  section.  Also  Swedish  Movement  by 
machinery,  and  manual  or  oration  by  trained  manipulators,  massage  treatment,  etc.,  and  other 
useful  remedies.  Special  attention  given  to  the  treatment  of  diseases  peculiar  to  invalid  ladies, 
Dyspepsia  Neuralgia,  Rheumatism,  Diseases  of  the  Kidneys,  Liver  and  Bowels,  Eyes,  Ears* 
Nose,  Throat  and  Lungs. 

For  particulars  address  O,  ROBERTSON,  M.  I>., 

Atlanta,  Georgia. 


B.F.  AVERY  &  SONS, 


eTTTT'SZ:  'ZTO  ^^2:>r'Z'  SOZZj.    ^ZjSO,  S^^-A^SlTTT^^-CXTrZ^SZ^S  OS* 


CULTIVATIITG  IMPLEMEITTS, 

 Walking  Cultivators,  Riding  Plows,  &c.  

THE  HAFRFRIS; 

Dow  Law  Cotton  Seed  Planter 


1 


Is  the  DOW  LAW,  which  we  now  have  the  exclusive  right  to  njanufacture  and 
sell.  They  have  been  manufactured  for  ye  irs  by  Mr  H  C.  Harris,  at  Fort 
Yalley,  Georgia.  Last  season  we  unaertook  their  manufacture  and  sale,  and 
this  year  the  indications  are  that  the  demand  will  be  very  largely  increased. 
Sample  orders  solic'ted. 

We  believe,  where  one  of  these  PI  inters  is  fairly  tried,  that  many  others  wil[ 
be  wanted.  The  work  done  does  not  fail  to  attract  attention.  Price  greatly 
reduced. 

This  is  the  only  principle  that  ever  has,  or  ever  will  successfully  distribute 
€otton  seed,  wet  or  dry,  rolled  or  unrolled,  without  choking  or  becoming 
clogged.  ® 

In  planting  it  does  the  work  of  three  to  four  hands  and  two  mules  with  one 
hand  and  onejraule.  Distributes  Guano  and  the  feriilizers  of  Parish  Furman. 
Address, 

B.  F.  AYEEY  &  SONS, 


ORDERS  BY  MAIL  RECEIVE  AS  PROMPT  ATTENTION  AS  IF  MADE  IN  PERSON. 


AUTHORS 


PUBLISHERS 


Will  consult  their  interest  if  they  consult  J  as.  P.  Harrison  &  Co., 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  before  they  make  their  contracts  for 
the  publication  of  books. 


The  oldest  Agricultural,  Industrial 
and  Family  Journal  of  the 
South  and  Southwest. 


Established  1839 — 35.000  J^eadet^s. 


-THE-  ) 

SODTHERH  COLTIYATOR  •! 

AND  t' 


SAMPLE 


COPIES 

F^EE 


The  following  are  some  of  the  lead- 
ing features  of  this  great  journal : 
THOUGHTS  FOR  THE  MONTH 
Public  Koads;  Ditcliing  and 
Terracing;  Tlie  Orange  Grove; 
Iiegal  I>epartment ;  ILetters 
from  tlie  Field,  giving  results  of 
tests  of  our  best  planters  on  matters 
of  practical  benefit  to  the  farmer. 

Inquiry  Department,  in  which 
a.re  propounded  and  answered  ques- 
tions covering  almost  everything  of 
interest  on  the  farm. 

The  Patrons  of  Husbandry, 
everything  of  value  pertaining  to  the 
order ;  topics  of  the  times  ;  fashion 
department,  attractive  to  the  ladies; 
the  apiary ;  horse  notes  ;  live  stock 
doctor ;  hog  cholera  ;  Jersey  herd ; 
fruit  culture;  Southern  silk  culture; 
science  and  art ;  the  family  circle  ; 
children's  department;  household 
topics;  The  Cultivatok  cook 
book,  etc. 

Tlie  Intensive  System  of  Farm- 
ing, by  Mr.  David  Dickson,  cov- 
ering the  entire  system  of  Southern 
Agriculture,  is  now  being  published 
in  The  Cumivatoe,  in  series  of 
twelve  monthly  numbers.  Back 
numbers  can  be  furnished. 

J-JLS.  P.  SJLMHISON  &  CO., 
State  Printers,  Publishers,  Engrav- 
ers, and  Blank  Book  Monufacturers. 
P.  O.  Drawer  8.       At£anta,  Ga. 


THL  CiOUTHERM  CULTJVATOR  OWE  YEAR  IN  ADVANCE,  POSTAGE  PAID,  $1.50. 


BOOKWALTER  ENGINES, 


FOR  DRIVING 


'  Cotton  Gins,  Cotton  Presses,  Corn  Mills,  Etc. 

Upright  Engines: 


SAFE, 
SIMPLE, 
DURABLE, 
EFFECTIVE. 

Guarantee!  to  work 
well  and  give  the  full 
power  claimed. 

Low  in  Price 

—AND— 

PERIECT  IN  THEIR  WOEK, 


3  Horse  Power, 

4^  Horse  Power, 
6J-  Horse  Power, 

8^  Horse  Power. 


OVSR  S^OOO 

SHCi]ESSFUL  OPERATION 


-€km  NEW  STYLE  Ifi  H.  P  HORIZONTAL  £NGiNW#a* 


Compact,  Substantial  and  Handsomely  Finished.  Center  Cranfe  Engine  with  all  wrought  iron 
Return  Flue  Boiler  for  driving  Saw  Mills,  large  gin  stands,  etc 

ADDRESS,  J 

Ovur  Ziaxs®  SZaaadsoxaaaly  ZUustra^bed  T^gg^Atlo-h  Sezx-b 

S  .  _  ^  ,  V     v?^"  -  SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO. 


^  1342 

Purman  Farm  Improvement  Co. 

FERTILIZER  ^  WORKS 


This  Company  control  the  sole  right  to  manufacture  and  sell 

PARISH  FURMAN'S  FORMULA 

The  Great  Georgia  Farmer's  Chemicals  for  Compost  for  Cotton,  as  improved  by  the  late  FARISH 
C.  FURMAN,  President  of  this  Company  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

None  genuine  unless  branded    «*  FXJ'R.TMCA.W'lS  FORMTJI^^,** 


BUFFALO  BONE  GUANO, 

Or,   «*njItnM:A^pr'S  FOUMIXJIL.^,''  ^VMMOIVIA^TED,  a  complete 
Fertilizer  for  Cotton  and  Wheat. 


GOLDEN  GRAIN  GUANO,  OR  "  FURMAN'S  FORMULA  FOR  OATS." 


NONE  GENUINE  UNLESS  BRANDED 

"FTJRMAFS  FORMULA." 

Primus  ionesf  "  the  great  S^^athv  estern  Georgia  farmer,  the  first-bale  man,  says  FURMAN'S  FOR" 
MULA  will  stop  Rust  in  Cotton— it  will  stand  drought  better  than  any  fertilizer. 

Agents  for  Furman  Seed,  Duncan's  Mammoth  Prolific,  Zellner's  Improved  Seed.  For  informa- 
tion, address 

i"URM[Aiv  FARM  imi>rove:m:e]vt  CO., 

40  Marietta  Street,  Atlanta,  Ga 

100,000  COPIES  or  this  pamphlet  now  ready,  we  give  them  away, 


i 


